【藏.薦】欄為藏品強大的傳播效應向各位買家推薦經國家一級鑒定專家甄選的藝術珍品,為藏家牽線搭橋,讓千百件藝術珍品價值被發(fā)掘與重視,在拍賣會上得以高價成交。
[Tibet. Recommendation] column for the strong dissemination effect of the collection to recommend to buyers the selected art treasures by experts at the first level of national appraisal, to bridge the gap for Tibetans, so that the value of thousands of art treasures are excavated and valued, and high-priced transactions can be concluded in the auction.
【藏品名稱】地契
【藏品規(guī)格】規(guī)格不一
【藏品類型】雜項
Title of the collection
[collection Specification] different specifications
[collection type] miscellaneous
有研究者這樣說，地契是反映舊時代社會經濟狀況、農民賦稅、地價變遷、糧食價格的一個標本，有著鮮明的時代特色，是封建社會中政府給土地所有者所頒發(fā)的最具權威性的“執(zhí)照”，也是封建社會里最能體現(xiàn)土地所有者身價和社會地位的標桿。一份份地契背后，濃縮了中國農村土地變革的全部歷史。
According to some researchers, the title deed is a specimen reflecting the social and economic conditions, farmers' taxes, land price changes and grain prices in the old era. It has distinctive characteristics of the times. It is the most authoritative "license" issued by the government to land owners in the feudal society, and also the benchmark that can best reflect the value and social status of land owners in the feudal society. Behind a title deed, it condenses the whole history of China's rural land reform.
As an important historical material to witness the change of land ownership in China, the title deed truly reflects the land ownership system, land ownership change and land management system in different historical periods, and even reflects the social, economic, political and cultural development in a certain historical period. In this sense, it is the lightest and thinnest piece of paper that bears the most profound and profound history of China under the feudal centralized system.
地契作為見證我國土地權屬變更的重要歷史資料，真實地反映了我國不同的歷史時期的土地所有權制度、土地權屬變更及對土地的管理制度，甚至反映某一歷史時期的社會、濟、政治、文化的發(fā)展狀況。從這個意義上來說，正是這張最為輕盈單薄的紙，卻承載了封建集權制度下中國最為深刻厚重的歷史。
中國古代史料中關于地契的概念是這樣解釋的：是典押、買賣土地時雙方訂立的法律文據(jù)。其中載明土地數(shù)量、坐落地點、四至邊界、價錢以及典、買條件等，由當事人雙方見證人簽字蓋章。是轉讓土地所有權的證明文件。地契由賣方書立，內容包括土地面積、坐落、四至，地價，出讓條件，當事人雙方、親屬、四鄰、中人及官衙等簽字蓋章。未向官府納稅前的地契稱為“白契”，經官府驗契并納稅后稱為“紅契”。只有“紅契”具有法律效力。
The concept of title deed in ancient Chinese historical materials is explained as follows: it is the legal document signed by both parties when they pawn and buy or sell land. The quantity, location, boundary, price, code and purchase conditions of the land shall be specified in the document, which shall be signed and sealed by the witnesses of both parties. Is the transfer of land ownership documents. The title deed shall be written by the seller, including the land area, location, land price, transfer conditions, signatures and seals of both parties, relatives, neighbors, middle people and government officials. The title deed before paying taxes to the government is called "white deed", and it is called "red deed" after being verified and paid taxes by the government. Only "red deed" has legal effect.
地契由買方保存，作為土地所有權憑證，可以憑它作抵押貸款。中華人民共和國成立后，在國家土地征用條例公布前（1953年1月前）土地允許買賣，在買賣土地時仍需書寫地契。我國古代的地契分為白契和紅契兩種，俗稱“民契”與“官契”。買賣雙方未經官府驗證而訂立的契據(jù)叫做草契或白契。立契后，經官府驗證并納稅，由官府為其辦理過戶過稅的手續(xù)之后在白契上粘貼由官方排版統(tǒng)一印刷的契尾，鈐蓋縣州府衙的官方大印，規(guī)正三寸許，制，篆體，紅色赫然，便成了官契，或者也叫做紅契。
The title deed of the land shall be kept by the buyer as a certificate of ownership of the land and may be used as a mortgage. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, before the promulgation of the state land acquisition regulations (before January 1953), the land is allowed to be sold, and the land title still needs to be written when buying and selling the land. In ancient China, there were two kinds of land deeds: the white one and the red one. The deed signed by the buyer and the seller without being verified by the government is called the grass deed or the white deed. After the contract was established, it was verified and taxed by the government. After the government went through the formalities of transfer of ownership and tax, the end of the contract was pasted on the white contract, which was uniformly printed by the official typesetting, and the official seal of the county government was sealed. The three inch license, system, seal style and red color were made, which became the official contract, or red contract.
These land titles contain a lot of social information and profound cultural connotation, which are worthy of our permanent memory and collection. In recent years, with the help of the Dongfeng of cultural relics collection and identification, a large number of old land titles have come to the market, or sold by individuals, or appreciated the collection, showing the oriental culture. This group of contract documents is not only a simple contract for sale and purchase between villagers, but also a boundary demarcation document adjacent to county, township and village. It is also a precious historical and cultural material, which has certain reference value and practical significance, as well as great significance for cultural heritage. It is the best choice for collectors to invest in collection.
文中這些地契蘊含著大量的社會信息和深厚的文化內涵，值得我們永久紀念和珍藏。近年來借文物收藏鑒定的東風，老地契又大量涌上市面，或個人買賣，或鑒賞收藏，呈現(xiàn)出東方文化。這一組契約文書不單是村民之間簡單的買賣立契文約，而且是一份縣、鄉(xiāng)、村三級毗鄰的界線劃分文書，是一份珍貴的歷史文史資料，具有一定的參考研究歷史價值和現(xiàn)實意義、文化傳承意義也很大。是值得各位收藏家投資收藏的不二選者。
此件藏品為本次核心推薦藏品，歡迎各位藏友蒞臨咨詢競買，機會難得！
This collection is the core recommended collection of this time. You are welcome to come here for consultation and bidding. It's a rare opportunity!
