近日 本公司征集精品推薦：乾隆粉彩瓷一對、大清銀幣
【藏品名稱】：乾隆粉彩瓷一對（五虎圖，八仙過海）
[collection name]: A pair of Qianlong pastel porcelain
【類別】：瓷器
Class: Porcelain
乾隆期為清代瓷器制作的鼎盛期。一方面是由于乾隆對瓷器的制作非常重視，對部分彩瓷器物的用途、形狀、紋飾常有御旨，制作前需進呈畫樣或木樣，審定后方可燒造。另一方面則是因為當(dāng)時清宮派駐景德鎮(zhèn)的督陶官唐英，他一方面完成皇帝旨意制作精美的宮廷用瓷，另一方面又注意吸收西洋的工藝美術(shù)，創(chuàng)造了許多具有新意的粉彩瓷器。
Qianlong period was the heyday of porcelain making in Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, because Qianlong attached great importance to the production of porcelain, he often had a royal purpose for the use, shape and decoration of some color porcelain objects. Before making, he had to present a picture or a wood sample, which could only be fired after approval. On the other hand, it was because Tang Ying, the inspector of pottery in Jingdezhen, was appointed by the Qing palace at that time. On the one hand, he completed the emperor's will to make exquisite palace porcelain, on the other hand, he paid attention to absorbing western arts and crafts, and created many new pastel porcelain.
器型：形制上豐富多樣，特別是用于陳設(shè)的各式大型器，如轉(zhuǎn)頸瓶、轉(zhuǎn)心瓶、天球瓶、扁瓶、多角瓶等甚為流行。
胎釉：乾隆早期瓷器的胎還是保持雍正時細(xì)潤的特點，晚期由于督陶官的不力和經(jīng)濟原因，胎質(zhì)不如唐英督陶的清早中期，但比晚清仍勝一籌。早期釉質(zhì)瑩潤與雍正無太大差別，晚期漸糙。
Utensils: there are various shapes, especially various large utensils for display, such as neck turning bottle, heart turning bottle, celestial sphere bottle, flat bottle and multi angle bottle, etc.
Embryo glaze: the embryo of porcelain in the early Qianlong period still keeps the characteristics of being fine and smooth at the right time. In the late period, due to the incompetence and economic reasons of the supervisor, the embryo quality is not as good as that of the early and middle Qing Dynasty of the Tang Dynasty, but still better than that of the late Qing Dynasty. There was no significant difference between the lustrous and lustrous enamel in the early stage and that in the late stage.
精致的粉彩瓷器釉面堅致，細(xì)潤如脂似玉，光潔無瑕疵。一般粉彩瓷器釉面或瑩潤，或不夠干凈，釉面常有均勻似漣漪的小皺紋，以陶瓷板畫表現(xiàn)最明顯，但沒有晚清時期釉面不平的波浪釉嚴(yán)重。
紋飾：乾隆粉彩器紋飾種類眾多，有山水、人物故事、花鳥、嬰戲、仕女、花果、花卉、題詩，均以當(dāng)時名畫家的繪畫為藍本，兼糅西方繪畫技法，勾染皴擦，濃淡分水，清新明艷，立體感強。
彩繪：乾隆粉彩具有用色濃艷、裝飾方法多樣、富麗華縟的風(fēng)格。乾隆官窯粉彩集壓印、剔劃、繪畫、開光、色釉、堆塑、描金多種工藝于一體。有的陶瓷器物下部分為色地，腹部為白色或白地開光，開光內(nèi)繪粉彩紋飾。
The delicate pastel porcelain glaze is firm, fine as fat as jade, smooth and flawless. Generally, the glaze of pastel porcelain is lustrous or not clean enough. The glaze often has small wrinkles like ripples, which are most obvious in ceramic board painting, but not as serious as the uneven wave glaze in the late Qing Dynasty.
Decoration: there are many kinds of decoration of Qianlong pastel ware, including landscape, character stories, flowers and birds, baby plays, maids, flowers and fruits, flowers and poems. All of them are based on the paintings of famous painters at that time, and are combined with Western painting techniques, with a strong sense of three-dimensional.
Color painting: Qianlong pastel has the style of rich color, various decoration methods and rich and colorful. Qianlong official kiln pastes a variety of techniques, including embossing, carving, painting, lighting, color glaze, stacking and gold painting. Some of the lower parts of the ceramic objects are colored, and the abdomen is white or white, with pastel patterns painted inside.
粉彩是景德鎮(zhèn)御窯廠的陶工在琺瑯彩的啟發(fā)和影響下，引進銅胎琺瑯不透明的白色彩料（玻璃白），并借鑒琺瑯彩多色階的配置技法創(chuàng)燒的一種釉上彩新品種。粉彩的燒造過程相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，需在預(yù)先燒制好的白瓷上經(jīng)過設(shè)計畫樣、勾線、配色、研色、打底、填色、洗染、燒制等多道工序才能完成，粉彩二次入窯的燒成溫度一般在750℃左右。粉彩瓷創(chuàng)燒于康熙中晚期，當(dāng)時精品很少。雍正時期，粉彩瓷在造型、繪畫技法及裝飾圖案等方面已趨于成熟。由于粉彩改變了五彩平涂的繪畫技法，給人“粉潤柔和”之感，與康熙硬彩（五彩）相對，亦稱“軟彩”。《陶雅》云：“康熙彩硬，雍正彩軟。軟彩者粉彩也。彩之有粉者，紅為淡紅，綠為淡綠，故曰軟也。
Under the influence of enamel, the potters of Jingdezhen imperial kiln introduced opaque white material (glass white) of copper body enamel and created a new type of glaze color by using the configuration technique of enamel multi-color steps for reference. The firing process of pastels is quite complicated. It needs to go through many processes such as design, drawing, color matching, research, priming, filling, washing and dyeing, firing, etc. on the pre fired white porcelain. The firing temperature of pastels entering the kiln for the second time is generally around 750 ℃. Pastel porcelain was created in the middle and late Kangxi period, when there were few fine products. During the Yongzheng period, the pastel porcelain had become mature in modeling, painting techniques and decorative patterns. Because the pastels changed the painting technique of the flat painting of the five colors, it gave people the feeling of "pastel and soft", which was opposite to the hard (five colors) of Kangxi, also known as "soft color". "Tao Ya" said: "Kangxi color hard, Yongzheng color soft. Soft pastels are also pastels. The color of powder, red for light red, green for light green, so soft also.
乾隆帝統(tǒng)治清王朝長達60年，將“康乾盛世”的繁華局面推向了極致。景德鎮(zhèn)的制瓷業(yè)亦盛極一時，集歷代之大成者于一身。據(jù)《清檔》記載，乾隆皇帝對瓷器有著特殊偏好，對粉彩瓷更是情有獨鐘，經(jīng)常直接關(guān)注粉彩瓷的燒制。例如：制作前須呈送畫樣或木樣，待皇帝親自審核后才能送景德鎮(zhèn)御窯廠燒制；有些器物的用途、造型、紋飾、款識以及配合紋飾的詩句等都須經(jīng)過乾隆皇帝的審批；瓷器如果燒制不好，還要賠償甚至受到嚴(yán)懲，如乾隆十三年（1748年）乾隆下旨：“唐英呈進瓷器仍系舊樣，為何不照所發(fā)新樣燒造進呈，將這次呈進瓷器錢糧不準(zhǔn)報銷，著依賠償。”這種大背景下，粉彩瓷達到了其發(fā)展的頂峰。
Emperor Qianlong ruled the Qing Dynasty for 60 years, pushing the prosperous situation of "KangQian prosperous age" to the extreme. Jingdezhen's porcelain making industry is also very prosperous, integrating the great achievements of the past dynasties. According to the records of Qing Archives, Emperor Qianlong had a special preference for porcelain, especially for pastel porcelain. He often paid direct attention to the firing of pastel porcelain. For example: before making, the painting or wood samples must be submitted to the imperial kiln of Jingdezhen for firing after the emperor's personal review; the use, shape, decoration, entertainment and poems matching the decoration of some implements must be approved by the emperor of Qianlong; if the firing of porcelain is not good, compensation or even severe punishment must be made, for example, in the 13th year of Qianlong (1748), the emperor of Qianlong issued a decree: "the Tang and the English are still presented in porcelain It's an old sample. Why don't you burn it according to the new one and present it to the porcelain? No reimbursement is allowed for the money and grain presented this time. It depends on compensation. " In this background, the development of pastel porcelain has reached its peak.
【藏品名稱】：大清銀幣
[collection name]: Silver coin
【類別】：錢幣
Class: coins
宣統(tǒng)元年(1909年)二月，清政府成立“幣制調(diào)查局”，考察征求商民意見，確定統(tǒng)一幣制辦法，為制定“幣制則例”做好準(zhǔn)備。宣統(tǒng)二年四月十六日，清政府發(fā)布上諭，頒布“大清幣制則例《二十四條》”，則例稱：“中國國幣單位，著即定名曰‘圓’，暫就銀為本位，以一元為主幣，重庫平七錢二分，另以五角、二角五分、一角三種銀幣及五分鎳幣，二分、一分、五厘、一厘四種銅幣為輔幣。元、角、分、厘各以十進，永為定價，不得任意抵昂。”同時還嚴(yán)格規(guī)定了銀元的銀、銅比例，確保銀元的成色，禁止各省自由鑄造銀元，將貨幣的發(fā)行權(quán)收歸中央政府。宣統(tǒng)二年天津造幣總廠根據(jù)幣制則例開祖模鑄造“宣統(tǒng)年造大清銀幣壹圓、五角、二角、五分及壹角四種銀元。
In February of the first year of Xuantong (1909), the Qing government established the "currency system investigation bureau" to investigate and solicit the opinions of the merchants and the people, determine the unified currency system methods, and prepare for the formulation of "currency system rules". On April 16, Xuantong's second year, the Qing government issued an upper order, which issued the "twenty four rules" of the Qing Dynasty's currency system, which said: "the Chinese national currency unit, named as" Yuan ", is temporarily based on silver, with one yuan as the main currency, with seven coins and two cents in the Treasury. In addition, there are three kinds of silver coins and nickel coins, with two cents, one cent, five cents and one cent as copper coins Fractional currency. Yuan, Jiao, Fen and Centigrade shall be priced in decimals and shall never be set at will. " At the same time, the proportion of silver and copper in the silver dollar is strictly regulated to ensure the quality of silver dollar. It is forbidden for each province to cast silver dollar freely, and the right to issue currency is returned to the central government. In the second year of Xuantong, according to the rules of currency system, Tianjin minting factory opened a mold to cast "four kinds of silver coins, namely, one yuan, five jiao, two jiao, five Fen and one jiao, were made in Xuantong.
宣統(tǒng)三年大清銀幣，是清末幣制改革的產(chǎn)物，版別多式，設(shè)計新穎，制作精良，歷為錢幣愛好者的珍藏品。宣統(tǒng)三年大清銀幣有不同版式，其中長須龍、短須龍、大尾龍比較稀少。但尚未發(fā)行就遇武昌起義，僅“曲須龍”發(fā)行，其余的大多數(shù)是樣幣。
The silver coins of the three years of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty are the product of the reform of the currency system in the late Qing Dynasty. They are of various types, novel designs, and well made, and have been treasured by coin lovers. There were different types of silver coins in the three years of Xuantong, among which long, short and big tailed dragons were rare. However, in Wuchang Uprising, only "quxulong" was issued, and most of the rest were sample coins.
此錢幣圖文深邃，紋飾精美，圖案考究，十分美觀。錢幣正面珠圈內(nèi)刻漢字“大清銀幣”四字，珠圈外上端為滿文，下緣為漢字“宣統(tǒng)三年”字樣，左右兩旁分列長枝菊花紋飾，花開燦爛，十分漂亮。錢幣背面下緣是英文幣值“ONE DOLLAR”。其設(shè)計新穎，制作精良，圖案精美細(xì)膩，品相俱佳，且版本稀少，極為罕見，十分珍稀，極具收藏價值!
The pictures and texts are profound, the patterns are exquisite, the patterns are exquisite and very beautiful. The four characters of "Qing Dynasty silver coin" are engraved in the bead circle on the front of the coin. The upper end of the bead circle is Manchu, and the lower edge is the character "three years of Xuantong". There are long chrysanthemum patterns on the left and right sides. The flowers are bright and beautiful. The lower edge of the reverse is one dollar. Its design is novel, the production is excellent, the design is exquisite and exquisite, the products are all good, and the version is rare, extremely rare, very rare, very valuable collection!
豐富藝術(shù)生活，傳遞藝術(shù)價值！如果您對此感興趣，歡迎聯(lián)系庭杰網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)有限公司！
Enrich art life and transfer art value! If you are interested in this , please contact Tingjie Network Service Co., Ltd!
分享是一種美德，分享是一種快樂，學(xué)會分享，快樂他人！
Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a joy, learn to share, happy others!
