青銅匕首
匕首是一種比劍更短小的刺砍兩用兵器。其外形與劍相似。由于它短小易藏,多是作為近身格斗,貼身防衛(wèi)或暗殺的適宜兵器。中國(guó)武術(shù)器械,短劍或狹長(zhǎng)的短刀。其首形狀類(lèi)匕(古人取食的器具),因而得名。據(jù)傳堯、舜時(shí)已有匕首。匕首短小鋒利,攜帶方便,是近距離搏斗的有效武器。其用法主要有擊、刺、挑、剪、帶等。演練時(shí)有單匕首和雙匕首兩種形式。匕為古代膳食器,即勺。因其類(lèi)短劍形態(tài)上像匕,故名。秦始皇攻打六國(guó),積怨甚深,每游必重甲護(hù)身,「于是太子預(yù)求天下之利匕首。」這是《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策》所載著名的荊軻刺秦王故事中的一句。「圖窮匕見(jiàn)」更是婦孺皆知的傳奇。
Dagger is a kind of stabbing and cutting dual-purpose weapon shorter than sword. Its shape is similar to that of sword. Because it is short and easy to hide, it is often used as a suitable weapon for close combat, personal defense or assassination. Chinese martial arts instruments, short swords or narrow knives. Its shape is similar to a dagger (an instrument used by the ancients to feed on it), so it gets its name. It is said that there were daggers in Yao and shun. Dagger is short, sharp and easy to carry. It is an effective weapon for close combat. Its usage mainly includes hitting, stabbing, picking, cutting, band, etc. There are two types of drills: single dagger and double dagger. Dagger is an ancient food utensil, namely spoon. It is named for its dagger like shape. When Qin Shihuang attacked six countries, he had a deep resentment. He had to protect himself with heavy armour every time he traveled. "So the prince asked for a dagger for the benefit of the world. This is a sentence in the famous story of King Jingke's assassination in the Warring States policy. It is also a legend known to all women and children.
中國(guó)最早在夏代就出現(xiàn),一開(kāi)始為青銅制,到了戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期因鐵器的發(fā)達(dá)改用鋼鐵制。一般作為近戰(zhàn)防備武器,可以對(duì)目標(biāo)投擲或突刺。此武器由來(lái)已久。《史記·吳太伯世家》:“使專(zhuān)諸置匕首于炙魚(yú)之中以進(jìn)食,手匕首刺王僚。”司 馬貞索隱:“劉氏曰:‘匕首,短劍也。’按《鹽鐵論》以為長(zhǎng)尺八寸。《通俗文》云:‘其頭類(lèi)匕、故曰匕首。短刃可袖者。’”是短兵器的一種。甚至摔破石頭就可以制作。由于制作極度簡(jiǎn)單,可以說(shuō)只要有人類(lèi)的地方就一定有這種東西。匕首攜帶方便,容易隱藏,所以即使在火炮發(fā)達(dá)之后,仍然還是軍人無(wú)法離手的原始武器。因而型態(tài)也是千差萬(wàn)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái)它的長(zhǎng)度是介于小刀與短劍之間,但其實(shí)很難明確地區(qū)分。由于長(zhǎng)度短,幾乎只能對(duì)近身的敵人使用,但危急時(shí)可以作投擲攻擊也是很具有魅力的特點(diǎn)。
China first appeared in the Xia Dynasty. At the beginning, it was made of bronze. In the Warring States period, it was made of steel because of the development of iron. Generally used as a close combat defensive weapon, it can throw or stab the target. This weapon has a long history. "Shi Ji, Wu Taibo aristocratic family": "make all the people put daggers in the fish to eat, and stab Wang Liao with daggers." Sima Zhen said: "Liu said: 'dagger, dagger also." According to the theory of salt and iron, it is eight inches long. "Popular literature" cloud: "its head kind dagger, hence the name dagger. The short blade can be sleeved. " It's a kind of short weapon. It can even be made by breaking a stone. Because the production is extremely simple, it can be said that as long as there are human beings, there must be such things. Dagger is easy to carry and hide, so even after the artillery developed, it is still the original weapon that soldiers can not leave their hands. So the patterns are also very different. Generally speaking, its length is between the knife and the dagger, but it is difficult to distinguish clearly. Because of its short length, it can only be used for close enemies, but it is also very attractive to be used for throwing attacks in critical situations.
漢代匕首常常與長(zhǎng)劍并用。軍隊(duì)中除裝備常規(guī)兵器外,有的也配有匕首以備急用。一般官吏除了佩劍還帶有匕首,防身自衛(wèi),以防不測(cè)。劍首為環(huán)形,狀似紗帽,劍格向下分,劍莖寬平,刃的近尖處忽窄,柄近刃長(zhǎng),與先秦的形制顯然不同。唐代大詩(shī)人李白的《樂(lè)府·結(jié)客少年場(chǎng)行》說(shuō):“少年學(xué)劍術(shù),凌轢白猿公。珠袍曳錦帶,匕首插吳鴻。由來(lái)百夫勇,挾此生雄風(fēng)。”可見(jiàn)匕首與劍往往并提,匕首長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)以其獨(dú)特的功能普遍為兵家武士、行者俠客所用,作為一種近戰(zhàn)輔助兵器而流傳至今。
Daggers were often used with long swords in the Han Dynasty. In addition to conventional weapons, some of the troops are equipped with daggers for emergency use. In addition to wearing swords, general officials also have daggers to defend themselves against accidents. The head of the sword is ring-shaped, like a gauze hat. The frame of the sword is divided downward. The stem of the sword is wide and flat, the near tip of the blade is narrow, and the handle near the blade is long. It is obviously different from the shape of the pre Qin Dynasty. Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, said in his Yuefu · Jieke youth field trip: "young people learn swordsmanship, Ling Fubai, the great ape man. Pearl robes with brocade belts and daggers with Wu Hong. With the courage of a hundred men, I will take the pride of this life. " It can be seen that daggers and swords are often mentioned at the same time. Daggers have been widely used by warriors and swordsmen for a long time because of their unique functions. They have been widely used as a kind of close combat auxiliary weapon.
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