古玉是古代美石之泛稱，具有質地細膩、色澤濕潤、瑩和光潔、冬不冰手、夏無激感等優點，遂為世人所喜愛并逐步成為封建禮制的重要表征。一般漢代以前的玉器為"古玉"。
Ancient jade is a general term for ancient beautiful stones. It has the advantages of fine texture, moist color, bright and clean, no ice in winter, no excitement in summer and so on. Therefore, it is loved by the world and gradually becomes an important symbol of feudal etiquette. Generally, the jade before Han Dynasty is "ancient jade".
我國自古以來就有收藏玉器的時尚，商代富豪墓中就有紅山文化、石家河文化時期的玉器出土，歷代君王如秦始皇、宋高宗、清乾隆等都是玉器的大收藏家;宋代呂大臨的《考古圖》、元代朱德潤的《古玉圖》、明代曹昭的《格古要論》、清代吳大的《古玉圖考》等都是古玉收藏與研究的論著。我國的玉雕自史前時期的新石器時代開始至今已經歷了七千余年的發展，成為蜚聲世界、獨步天下的工藝美術品，在世界上三個以制玉而聞名的國家(中國、墨西哥、新西蘭)中最為源遠流長。中國人對玉的特殊喜好自古有之，古人云，石之美者為玉。也曾有人形象的比喻，玉是大地的舍利。被譽為華夏文明第一塊奠基石的高古玉，有著高深莫測的神秘色彩。在古代，君子無故 玉不去身，君子與玉彼德焉。而玉的溫潤色澤象征仁慈，堅硬質地象征智慧，不傷人的棱角表示公平正義。民間相信玉能護身、驅邪，代表著正氣和靈性。對于古玉，可以工精、質優、色巧、形奇為標準進行收藏。一般說來，新玉的鑒定側重于真假玉材、質地優劣與雕工的精細；而舊玉的鑒定，則要識別玉器的制作時代、歷史上的作用和占有者的身份等等。古玉一般刀法比較精美，紋飾比較古樸，鑒賞古玉，更應重視的是其文化內涵和歷史價值。
There has been a fashion of collecting jade since ancient times in China. Among the tombs of the rich in the Shang Dynasty, there were unearthed jade of Hongshan Culture and Shijiahe culture. The kings of all dynasties, such as the first emperor of Qin, Gaozong of Song Dynasty and Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, were big collectors of jade. The archaeology map of Lu Dalin of Song Dynasty, the ancient jade map of Zhu Derun of Yuan Dynasty, the gegu essentials of Cao Zhao of Ming Dynasty and the ancient jade map of Wu Da of Qing Dynasty, etc They are all works of ancient jade collection and research. Since the Neolithic Age in prehistoric times, jade carving in China has experienced more than 7000 years of development. It has become a world-famous and unique arts and crafts. It has a long history among the three countries (China, Mexico, New Zealand) famous for making jade in the world. Chinese people have a special preference for jade since ancient times. The beauty of ancient cloud and stone is jade. There was also an image metaphor, jade is the sacrifice of the earth. Known as the first cornerstone of Chinese civilization, Gaogu jade has profound mystery. In ancient times, a gentleman did not go to the body without reason, and a gentleman and a jade were virtuous. But the Jade's warm color symbolizes kindness, the rigid symbol wisdom, does not hurt the person's edge angle to express the fair justice. People believe that jade can protect and expel evil spirits, representing righteousness and spirituality. For ancient jade, it can be collected according to the standards of fine workmanship, excellent quality, skillful color and strange shape. Generally speaking, the identification of new jade focuses on the true and false jade materials, the quality of texture and the fineness of sculptors, while the identification of old jade requires the identification of the time of making jade, the role in history and the identity of the possessor, etc. Generally, ancient jade has exquisite knife techniques and simple patterns. To appreciate ancient jade, we should pay more attention to its cultural connotation and historical value.
中華民族愛玉敬玉崇玉的歷史悠久，從上古先民直至近代，人們對玉均情有獨鐘，中國在各個時期都遺存有一批極富時代特征及歷史研究價值的代表性器物，大體上有夏朝古陶器、商周青銅器、戰漢漆器、隋唐金銀器、宋明清瓷器，這些器物雖然在歷史長河中各領風騷，卻沒有一種能像玉器那樣經久不衰，長期受到民眾如此的寵愛，這是世界上其他任何國家和地區所無法比擬的。
The Chinese nation has a long history of loving jade and worshiping it. From the ancient people to the modern times, people have a special interest in jade. There are a lot of representative artifacts in various periods of China, which are rich in the characteristics of the times and the value of historical research. Generally speaking, there are ancient pottery in the Xia Dynasty, bronze in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, lacquer in the Han Dynasty, gold and silver in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and porcelain in the song and Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although these artifacts are popular in the long history, they have their own advantages However, none of them can last as long as jade and have been so loved by the people for a long time, which is incomparable to any other country and region in the world.
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