清朝時(shí)期陶瓷文化，漢族勞動(dòng)人民瓷器燒造水平可謂登峰造極。數(shù)千年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加上景德鎮(zhèn)的天然原料，督陶官的管理，清朝初年的康熙、雍正、乾隆三代，因政治安定，經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，皇帝重視，瓷器的成就也非常卓越，皇帝的愛好與提倡，使得清初的瓷器制作技術(shù)高超，裝飾精細(xì)華美，成就不凡，充分體現(xiàn)了古代漢族勞動(dòng)人民的卓越才能和和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造力。是悠久的中國(guó)陶瓷史上最光耀燦爛的一頁(yè)。
In the Qing Dynasty, the level of porcelain making of the Han working people was the highest. Thousands of years of experience, together with Jingdezhen's natural raw materials, the management of the supervisor of pottery officials, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong three generations in the early Qing Dynasty, due to political stability and economic prosperity, the emperor attached great importance to porcelain achievements, and the emperor's love and advocacy, made the porcelain production in the early Qing Dynasty superb technology, fine decoration, gorgeous, and extraordinary achievements, fully reflecting the ancient Han working people And artistic creativity. It is the most glorious page in the long history of Chinese ceramics.
【藏品名稱】：清亁隆粉彩人物故事紋壺
[collection name]: Qinglong powder colored character story print pot
【類別】：瓷器
[category]: porcelain
清代陶瓷生產(chǎn)，除以景德鎮(zhèn)的官窯為中心外，各地民窯都極為昌盛興隆，并得到很大的成就，尤其西風(fēng)漸進(jìn)，陶瓷外銷，西洋原料及技術(shù)的傳入，受到外來影響，使陶瓷業(yè)更為豐富而多采多姿，也由於量產(chǎn)及仿制成風(fēng)，畫院追求工細(xì)纖巧，雖有驚人之作，但少創(chuàng)意而流於匠氣。福建省德化白瓷，瑩白而帶透明感，生產(chǎn)佛像相當(dāng)有名。清朝前期，景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器代表了國(guó)內(nèi)乃至世界制瓷的最高水平。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)外及宮廷對(duì)景德鎮(zhèn)瓷器的需求量的激增，使康、雍、乾三代的景德鎮(zhèn)瓷業(yè)進(jìn)入了制瓷歷史高峰。康熙的青花、五彩、三彩、郎窯紅、豇豆紅、琺瑯彩等裝飾品種，風(fēng)格別開生面；雍正的粉彩、斗彩、青花和高低溫顏色釉等，粉潤(rùn)柔和，樸素清逸。乾隆的制瓷工藝，精妙絕倫、鬼斧匠工，前無古人。青花玲瓏瓷、象生瓷雕、仿古銅、竹木、漆器等特種工藝瓷，惟妙惟肖，巧奪天工。瓷業(yè)興、百業(yè)興，乾隆時(shí)督陶官唐英《陶冶圖說》：“景德鎮(zhèn)袤延僅十余里，山環(huán)水繞，僻處一隅，以陶來四方商販，民窯二、三百區(qū),工匠人夫不下數(shù)十萬，籍此食者甚眾。” 清代中期，外銷陶瓷發(fā)展出來的廣彩，艷麗照人。
In the Qing Dynasty, apart from Jingdezhen's official kilns as the center, the local folk kilns were very prosperous and prosperous, and made great achievements, especially the gradual development of the western style, the export of ceramics, the introduction of Western raw materials and technologies, which made the ceramic industry more abundant and colorful. Also, due to the mass production and imitation, the painting academy pursued fine workmanship, although it had amazing works, but it was less creative And it's all about craftsmanship. Dehua white porcelain in Fujian Province is crystal white and transparent. It is famous for producing Buddha statues. In the early Qing Dynasty, Jingdezhen porcelain represented the highest level of porcelain making in China and even in the world. With the increasing demand of Jingdezhen porcelain at home and abroad, Jingdezhen porcelain industry of Kang, Yong and Qian dynasties has entered the peak of porcelain making history. Kangxi's blue and white, multicolor, tricolor, langyaohong, cowpea red, enamel and other decorative varieties have a unique style; Yongzheng's pastels, fighting colors, blue and white, and high and low temperature color glazes are soft, simple and elegant. Qianlong's porcelain making process is unparalleled in its sophistication and craftsmanship. Blue and white exquisite porcelain, Xiangsheng porcelain carving, antique copper, bamboo, lacquerware and other special craft porcelain are lifelike and ingenious. Porcelain industry flourished and all kinds of industries flourished. Tang Ying, the pottery official in Qianlong's reign, said in the painting of Cultivation: "Jingdezhen is only ten miles long, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and in a corner of the secluded area, there are four merchants of pottery. There are two or three hundred districts of folk kilns, and there are not less than hundreds of thousands of craftsmen and men. There are many cannibals here." In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, ceramics for export developed in a wide range of colors.
乾隆時(shí)期是清代社會(huì)發(fā)展的頂峰時(shí)期。御窯廠內(nèi)聚集了大量管理人材和能工巧匠，使乾隆朝的燒瓷水平又有所進(jìn)步。這一時(shí)期的產(chǎn)品從技術(shù)上講雖精工細(xì)作，不惜工本，但從藝術(shù)格調(diào)上講卻顯繁瑣華縟，堆砌羅列，較前朝有衰退之跡象，成為清季制瓷業(yè)的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。乾隆瓷器一面保留古代的精華，一面吸收西方藝術(shù)。外觀造型大部分比較規(guī)整，除常見器型外，出現(xiàn)了一些奇巧怪誕的物件，主要用于賞玩，被稱作“渾厚不及康熙、秀美不如雍正”。此時(shí)盛行在琢器上使用轉(zhuǎn)心、轉(zhuǎn)頸等技藝手段，制作工藝極其精致。象生瓷技術(shù)高超，仿木紋、仿竹器、仿漆器、仿金屬器等等，幾可亂真。這與當(dāng)時(shí)制瓷藝人的高超技術(shù)密不可分，他們高度準(zhǔn)確地掌握了釉料的配制和火候的控制，以至惟妙惟肖地模仿別的物質(zhì)效果。乾隆時(shí)期，粉彩完代取代了五彩，但產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不如前代。在粉彩器皿上講究用鏤空、堆塑的裝飾手段，輔以“軋道工藝”和開光、剔刻等等。有署“古月軒”的珍貴瓷器，是以乾隆宮中古月軒命名的，從景德鎮(zhèn)挑選制造精良的素胎進(jìn)京，命內(nèi)庭供奉繪畫高手繪畫，于京城設(shè)爐烘烤而成。
Qianlong period was the peak period of social development in Qing Dynasty. A large number of management personnel and skilled craftsmen gathered in the imperial kiln, which improved the level of porcelain firing in Qianlong Dynasty. Although the products of this period were technically elaborate and cost-effective, they were complicated and complicated in terms of artistic style. Compared with the previous dynasties, the products of this period showed signs of decline and became a turning point in the porcelain industry of the Qing Dynasty. Qianlong porcelain kept its ancient essence while absorbing western art. The appearance and shape are mostly regular. In addition to the common utensils, there are some strange and strange objects, which are mainly used for enjoying. They are called "less thick than Kangxi, less beautiful than Yongzheng". At this time, it is popular to use such skills as turning the center, turning the neck, etc. on the carving tools, and the manufacturing process is extremely exquisite. Like raw porcelain technology, imitation of wood grain, imitation of bamboo, imitation of lacquer, imitation of metal, and so on, can be confused. This is closely related to the superb skills of the porcelain makers at that time. They have mastered the preparation of glaze and the control of fire with high accuracy, so as to imitate other material effects vividly. In Qianlong period, the finished generation of pastels replaced the five colors, but the quality of products was not as good as that of the previous generation. The decoration means of hollowing and stacking are emphasized on the pastel vessels, supplemented by the "rolling process" and the opening, carving and so on. The precious porcelains of the ancient moon pavilion are named after the ancient moon Pavilion in the Qianlong palace. They are selected from Jingdezhen and made into the capital. They order the inner court to worship the painting masters and bake them in the oven in the capital.
此件清亁隆粉彩人物故事紋壺，直口，鼓腹。外表通體施滿白釉，繪有人物圖，構(gòu)圖精美，風(fēng)格挺秀，整幅畫面寂靜，一片空名澄靜，充滿著一股清爽的氣息。底部落有“乾隆年制”款識(shí)。整體繪畫線條流暢，刻畫細(xì)膩，栩栩如生。整器形制規(guī)整，胎釉細(xì)致縝密，工藝精湛，色調(diào)柔和，為粉彩瓷精品。
This is a straight mouthed, bulging pot of Qinglong's Pink character story. The whole appearance is covered with white glaze, with figures painted. The composition is exquisite, the style is elegant, the whole picture is quiet, a blank name is clear and quiet, full of a fresh atmosphere. The bottom tribe had a "Qianlong year system" reception. The overall painting lines are smooth, the depiction is delicate and lifelike. The overall shape and system are regular, the tire glaze is meticulous and meticulous, the craft is exquisite, and the color is soft, which is a fine product of pastel porcelain.
