天啟通寶背府
天啟通寶——明熹宗朱由校天啟年間（公元1621—1627年）鑄幣。天啟錢版別繁多，據統計有計有五十余種。其形制為初期鑄小平，后始鑄當十大錢。
明天啟通寶錢主要有光背無文和背有文兩大類，其背文比萬歷錢復雜，其中背鑄有星月紋的種類亦不少；在背文中又分記重，記事，記局、記地等。
天啟年初全國有三個造幣中心，分別為兩京及四川地區。后于天啟三年（公元1628年），宦官魏忠賢專權，宦官亂政而至濫鑄情況開始出現，地方錢局大量出現，因此所鑄的天啟錢版本極多，差異大。錢背文大量的出現記地，記局，記重等形式。
在繁復的版式背文中，明天啟通寶錢有一種為背“府”當十形制大錢。所謂“府”，據考指的是京西第一府宣府（今河北宣化）。史料記載，明代戶部曾在宣府設立中央鑄錢局，鼓鑄錢幣，后因故停辦。所以，背“府”錢，即指宣府錢局之鑄幣。
本品為“天啟通寶背府”，其與入譜錢不一樣，即其形制大于當十錢，徑達43毫米余。因此，本品屬于脫譜形制的大型錢，今十分罕見。
此錢的第二個特點，是錢體通體呈現黑色包漿，總重達57克，可基本斷定其材質乃含鉛錫量很高。根據明代天啟年鑄錢情況的記載，由于官鑄錢泛濫，至銅料供應不足，這致使有的鑄錢含銅量大降，有些已致含銅僅有三成。其中有一種用日本鉛錫熔入銅液所鑄的銅呈折色的“折沙錢”就是此時所鑄。因此，根據此錢的黑色包漿和明天啟年鑄錢的特殊情況，愚見以為，本品錢正是摻入了較高鉛錫后，致含銅量下降，從而呈現的“折沙錢”或者類似“折沙錢”。若如此，則此錢極具教科書意義和價值，因為，至今此類色質之明錢已經非常少見。
第三點點可圈可點之處在于，本品正背字廓皆為深竣高凸，邊圓廓正而地章平整，穿口干凈而規范，鑄制可算規整。其中，錢文風格乃為明天啟通寶大錢之典型書意，非私鑄可比。其錢體可見多處坑洼，此應該是材質含鉛錫量較高，而致質軟在漫長的近四百年間抗沖擊磕碰能力較弱所致。
綜上所述，本品“天啟通寶背府”大型錢，乃為開門之好錢，如此尺寸，如此貌相，依愚之所見，在背府錢中尚未有出其左右者。是故，盡管“天啟通寶背府”錢是罕見品種，然而此錢也有其特殊價值，值得收藏和后期增值空間巨大。
Tianqi Tongbao Beifu
Tianqi Tongbao: Zhu Youxiao, Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty (1621-1627 A.D.) minted coins. According to statistics, there are more than 50 kinds of Tianqi coins. Its shape is Xiaoping in the early stage, then ten big coins.
Tomorrow's qitongbao coins mainly fall into two categories: light back, no paper and paper back. The paper back is more complicated than Wanli coins, and there are many kinds of star moon patterns on the back. In the paper back, there are also points of memorization, memorialization, bureau and land.
At the beginning of the year, Tianqi had three minting centers in China, namely, Liangjing and Sichuan. Later, in 1628, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian was in power. The eunuch's disorderly administration led the excessive casting, and the local money bureaus appeared in large numbers. Therefore, there were many versions of Tianqi money, with great differences. There are a lot of forms of Qian's back writing, such as remembering places, bureaus, and weights.
In the complicated layout, there is a big money of ten forms in qitongbao money tomorrow. The so-called "mansion" refers to Xuanfu, the first mansion in the west of Beijing (now Xuanhua, Hebei). According to historical records, the Ming Dynasty's Hubu once set up a central money casting Bureau in Xuanfu to drum up coins, which was closed for some reason. Therefore, the back "government" money refers to the coins of Xuanfu money Bureau.
This product is "Tianqi Tongbao Beifu", which is different from the recorded money, that is, its shape is larger than dangshiqian, with a diameter of more than 43mm. Therefore, this product belongs to the large-scale money in the form of off spectrum, which is very rare today.
The second feature of this coin is that the whole coin body is black coated, with a total weight of 57g. It can be concluded that its material is of high lead and tin content. According to the records of coinage in Tianqi year of Ming Dynasty, due to the flood of official coinage, the supply of copper materials was insufficient, which resulted in a great decrease of copper content in some coinage, and only 30% in some coinage. There is a kind of "sand money" which is made by melting Japanese lead tin into the copper liquid and the copper is folded. Therefore, according to the black coating of the money and the special situation of casting the money in tomorrow's new year, I think it's just after adding high lead tin, the copper content of the money in this product will decrease, thus presenting "sand money" or similar "sand money". If so, the money has great textbook significance and value, because so far, this kind of money is very rare.
The third point is that the shape of the back of the product is deep, high and convex, the edge is round, the ground is flat, the mouth is clean and standard, and the casting is regular. Among them, the style of Qian Wen is a typical book meaning of Qi Tong Bao's big money tomorrow, which is not privately cast and comparable. There are many potholes in the coin body, which should be caused by the high content of lead and tin in the material and the weak impact resistance of the soft material in the last 400 years.
To sum up, the large-scale money of this product "Tianqi Tongbao Beifu" is a good money to open the door. It's of such size and appearance. According to what you can see, there is no left or right in the money of Beifu. Therefore, although the "Tianqi Tongbao Beifu" money is a rare variety, it also has its special value, which is worth collecting and has a huge value-added space in the later period.
