“美玉可遇而不可求，可一而不可再”。從古至今，玉在國人的眼中一直是美好、高尚、純潔的化身。基于玉的獨(dú)特的魅力和價值，使眾多喜愛者為之傾倒，不惜重金也要將寶玉收藏在手。玉璧功能除祭祀禮天之外，更多的是身份的象征。鏤空玉璧出現(xiàn)于戰(zhàn)國，盛于漢代。中國人對玉的特殊喜好自古有之，古人云，石之美者為玉。也曾有人形象的比喻，玉是大地的舍利。被譽(yù)為華夏文明第一塊奠基石的高古玉，有著高深莫測的神秘色彩。在古代，君子無故古玉.玉不去身，君子與玉彼德焉。特別是戰(zhàn)國晚期和西漢早期，鏤空玉璧主要是皇室及王室所用，制作精美、玉質(zhì)上乘，全為和田白玉。
"Beautiful jade can be met but not sought, but one and not again.". Since ancient times, jade has always been the embodiment of beauty, nobility and purity in the eyes of Chinese people. Because of the unique charm and value of jade, many people who like it will fall for it, and they will not hesitate to collect the precious jade in their hands. In addition to sacrificing heaven, the function of jade Bi is more a symbol of identity. Hollow jade Bi appeared in the Warring States period and flourished in the Han Dynasty. Chinese people have a special preference for jade since ancient times. The beauty of ancient cloud and stone is jade. There was also an image metaphor, jade is the sacrifice of the earth. Known as the first cornerstone of Chinese civilization, Gaogu jade has profound mystery. In ancient times, there was no reason for a gentleman to be an ancient jade. Especially in the late Warring States period and the early Western Han Dynasty, the openwork jade is mainly used by the royal family and the royal family. It is exquisite and of high quality, all of which are Hetian white jade.
玉璧最早出現(xiàn)在新石器時代，考古發(fā)現(xiàn)最早的玉璧是在紅山文化，良渚文化也有出土玉璧。玉璧在商周時期比較興盛，漢代以后逐漸式微。《周禮·春官·大宗伯》記載「以玉作六器，以禮天地四方：以蒼璧禮天，以黃琮禮地，以青圭禮東方，以赤璋禮南方，以白琥禮西方，以玄璜禮北方」。璧的用途有很多，在各種禮儀當(dāng)中，除了陳設(shè)、告祭天地神靈之外通常我們還會看到用于國與國之間的禮物饋贈和用于玩賞的更為精致的玉璧。那志良先生在《中國古玉圖釋》中單辟一章來談《玩賞及饋贈器》即以璧為例來說明，用于饋贈和玩賞的玉器在造型上要有和善的氣氛、在制作上是精雕細(xì)琢。所舉龍紋出廓、虎紋出廓，或中部透空雕琢皆精美之至。中華民族愛玉敬玉崇玉的歷史悠久，從上古先民直至近代，人們對玉均情有獨(dú)鐘，中國在各個時期都遺存有一批極富時代特征及歷史研究價值的代表性器物，大體上有夏朝古陶器、商周青銅器、戰(zhàn)漢漆器、隋唐金銀器、宋明清瓷器，這些器物雖然在歷史長河中各領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷，卻沒有一種能像玉器那樣經(jīng)久不衰，長期受到民眾如此的寵愛，這是世界上其他任何國家和地區(qū)所無法比擬的。
Jade Bi first appeared in the Neolithic age, the earliest jade Bi found in archaeology was in Hongshan culture, and there were also jade Bi unearthed in Liangzhu culture. Yubi flourished in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and declined gradually after the Han Dynasty. "Zhou Li, Chun Guan, Da Da Bo" records that "six vessels are made of jade, and the heaven and the earth are surrounded by Rites: the jade is used to salute the heaven, the Yellow Cong is used to salute the earth, the green GUI is used to salute the East, the red Zhang is used to salute the south, the white Hu is used to salute the west, and the black Huang is used to salute the north.". There are many uses of Bi. In all kinds of rituals, in addition to furnishing and offering sacrifices to the gods of heaven and earth, we usually see more exquisite jade Bi for gifts between countries and for entertainment. Mr. Na Zhiliang wrote a single chapter in the interpretation of ancient Chinese jade painting to discuss the play and the present, which takes Bi as an example to illustrate that the jade used for the present and the present should have a kind atmosphere in modeling and be exquisitely crafted in production. The dragon pattern, tiger pattern, or hollow carving in the middle are all exquisite. The Chinese nation has a long history of loving jade and worshiping it. From the ancient people to the modern times, people have a special interest in jade. There are a lot of representative artifacts in various periods of China, which are rich in the characteristics of the times and the value of historical research. Generally speaking, there are ancient pottery in the Xia Dynasty, bronze in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, lacquer in the Han Dynasty, gold and silver in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and porcelain in the song and Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although these artifacts are popular in the long history, they have their own advantages However, none of them can last as long as jade and have been so loved by the people for a long time, which is incomparable to any other country and region in the world.
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