眾所周知，青花瓷乃是我國陶瓷烤制工藝的珍品，而小編今天會圍繞著青花瓷展開介紹，和大家聊聊青花瓷的發展、歷代特點及其紋飾。
As we all know, blue and white porcelain is a treasure of China's ceramic baking technology. Today, Xiaobian will introduce the blue and white porcelain around, and talk about the development, characteristics and patterns of blue and white porcelain.
提到青花，大家第一個想到的便是周杰倫的“青花瓷”，一句“天青色等煙雨，而我在等你”便串入大家的腦海里，并隨之唱出。但其實天青色是汝窯的顏色，而青花瓷最初是由唐三彩的籃彩衍生而來的。那么就有人會問了，青花瓷是藍色的，為什么叫青花瓷？其實主要是因為青花瓷發色是青料在焙燒過程的化學變化，呈色是 青料燒成后所呈現的直觀感受。廢話不多說，接下來，小編來和大家聊聊青花瓷的歷史及其歷代特點。
When it comes to blue and white, the first thing you think of is Jay Chou's "blue and white porcelain". A sentence "the sky is blue, and I'm waiting for you" goes into your mind and sings along with it. But in fact, sky blue is the color of Ru kiln, and blue and white porcelain was originally derived from the basket color of Tang tri colored porcelain. Then someone will ask, blue and white porcelain is blue, why is it called blue and white porcelain? In fact, it is mainly because the blue and white porcelain hair color is the chemical change of the green material in the baking process, and the color is the intuitive feeling after the green material is fired. There's not much nonsense. Next, I'd like to talk about the history and characteristics of blue and white porcelain.
青花瓷最早出現是在唐朝，誕生最初的原因是因為安史之亂后，唐朝逐步衰弱，而其他瓷器又發展過快，唐三彩瓷器制作便也隨著逐步衰退，又因當時王朝顛覆之亂，唐三彩逐漸消失在人們的眼里，其技藝也隨之消失。后人想重現唐三彩，于是在黃冶窯用三彩的原料燒制，不料陰差陽錯，由于各種原因導致燒出的瓷器并不是三彩，而是青花瓷，當時的青花瓷的特點是白瓷、釉下點鈷藍、燒成溫度攝氏1300度。當時的人們發現此類瓷器并不亞于唐三彩，又或者是經過數百乃至上千次的燒制，無法燒制出三彩瓷器，便將青花瓷視為唐三彩的延續。
Blue and white porcelain first appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The first reason for its birth was that after the rebellion of an and Shi, the Tang Dynasty gradually weakened, while other porcelain developed too fast, and the production of the three color porcelain declined gradually. Because of the rebellion of the dynasty at that time, the three color porcelain gradually disappeared in people's eyes, and its skills also disappeared. Later generations wanted to recreate the tri colored pottery of the Tang Dynasty, so they fired it in Huangye kiln with the raw materials of the tri colored pottery. Unexpectedly, it was a mistake. Due to various reasons, the porcelain produced was not tri colored porcelain, but blue and white porcelain. The characteristics of blue and white porcelain at that time were white porcelain, cobalt blue under glaze, and firing temperature 1300 ℃. At that time, people found that this kind of porcelain was not inferior to the tri colored porcelain of the Tang Dynasty, or after hundreds or thousands of times of firing, they could not make tri colored porcelain, so they regarded blue and white porcelain as the continuation of the tri colored porcelain of the Tang Dynasty.
早期的青花瓷并不是一帆風順的迅速發展起來，反而是走向了衰敗。據小編了解，1957年在浙江省龍泉縣的金沙塔塔基，共出土13片青花碗殘片。該塔的塔磚上有絕對紀年北宋“太平興國二年”（977年）；另一處是1970年在浙江省紹興市環翠塔的塔基，出土了一片青花碗腹部的殘片。而這些殘片的胎質有的較粗，有的較細。紋飾有菊花紋、圓圈紋、弦紋、線紋等。青花發色前一處的較濃、發黑，卻沒有發現與唐代時期的青花瓷有延續關系。而正在成熟的青花瓷是在元代的景德鎮。
The early blue and white porcelain did not develop smoothly, but went to decline. According to Xiao Bian, in 1957, 13 pieces of blue and white bowls were unearthed at Jinsha tower base in Longquan County, Zhejiang Province. On the brick of the tower, there is an absolute chronology of the second year of Taiping's rejuvenation in the Northern Song Dynasty (977); on the other hand, in 1970, a fragment of the belly of the blue and white bowl was unearthed at the tower base of Huancui tower in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Some of these fragments are thick and some are thin. There are chrysanthemum pattern, circle pattern, string pattern, thread pattern and so on. Before the blue and white hair color, it was thicker and blacker, but there was no continuous relationship with the blue and white porcelain of Tang Dynasty. And the blue and white porcelain is maturing in Jingdezhen of the Yuan Dynasty.
元代的青花瓷無論是從制作配方還是造型紋飾，都是十分成熟和精湛。在紋飾方面的特點是構圖豐滿，層次多而不亂。筆法以一筆點劃多見，流暢有力；勾勒渲染則粗壯沉著。主題紋飾的題材有人物、動物、植物、詩文等。人物有高士圖（四愛圖）、歷史人物等；動物有龍鳳、麒麟、鴛鴦、游魚等；植物常見的有牡丹、蓮花、蘭花、松竹梅、靈芝、花葉、瓜果等；詩文極少見。
The blue and white porcelain of Yuan Dynasty is very mature and exquisite, no matter from the production formula or the modeling and decoration. In the aspect of pattern decoration, it is characterized by rich composition, multi-level but not disorderly. The strokes are frequent, smooth and powerful, while the outline and rendering are thick and calm. The theme of the decoration includes characters, animals, plants, poems and so on. The figures are Gao Shi Tu (Si AI TU), historical figures, etc.; the animals are dragon and Phoenix, unicorn, mandarin duck, swimming fish, etc.; the common plants are peony, lotus, orchid, pine and bamboo plum, Ganoderma lucidum, flower leaves, melon and fruit, etc.; the poems are rare
到了明清時期，青花瓷從鼎盛又走向了衰落。在明永樂、宣德時期是青花瓷器發展的一個高峰，當時是以制作精美著稱；清康熙時以“五彩青花”使青花瓷發展到了巔峰；清乾隆以后因粉彩瓷的發展而逐漸走向衰退，雖在清末（光緒）時一度中興，最終無法延續康熙朝的盛勢?？偟恼f來，這一時期的官窯器制作嚴謹、精致；民窯器則隨意、灑脫，畫面寫意性強。從明晚期開始，青花繪畫逐步吸收了一些中國畫繪畫技法的元素。
By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, blue and white porcelain had gone from prosperity to decline. In Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming Dynasty, blue and white porcelain reached a peak of development, which was famous for its exquisite workmanship; in Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, blue and white porcelain reached its peak with "multicolored blue and white"; after Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, due to the development of pink and color porcelain, it gradually declined. Although it flourished at the end of the Qing Dynasty (Guangxu), it was unable to continue the prosperity of Kangxi Dynasty. Generally speaking, the production of official kilns in this period is rigorous and exquisite; the production of civilian kilns is free and easy, and the painting is freehand. From the late Ming Dynasty, blue and white painting gradually absorbed some elements of Chinese painting techniques.
軒宇藝術有幸征得一對青花瓷器，此對青花罐斂口，豐肩，下腹收斂，肩沿紋有回紋，罐身繪有纏枝花卉紋，胎釉堅密溫潤，器表老氣自然，造型豐滿、渾厚、古樸、圓潤，給人以質樸、莊重之感。其胎體，端莊穩重，胎體堅細，釉面亮潤，筆觸細膩，繪畫工整，青花發色典雅，構圖繁而有序、層次清晰，雋美瀟灑，氣韻流暢。極具研究與收藏價值。
Xuanyu art has the honor to obtain a pair of blue and white porcelain. This pair of blue and white porcelain has a mouth, shoulders and lower abdomen. There are wrinkles along the shoulders. The body of the pot is painted with twigs and flowers. The fetal glaze is firm, dense and moist. The appearance of the ware is old and natural. The shape is plump, thick, simple and mellow, which gives people a sense of simplicity and solemnity. Its carcass is dignified and steady, its carcass is firm and thin, its glaze is bright and moist, its strokes are delicate, its painting is neat, its blue and white hair color is elegant, its composition is complex and orderly, its level is clear, it is meaningful, beautiful and unrestrained, and its charm is smooth. It has great research and collection value.
豐富藝術生活，傳遞藝術價值！如果您對此對青花瓷感興趣，歡迎聯系軒宇（廣州）藝術傳媒有限公司！
Enrich art life and transfer art value! If you are interested in blue and white porcelain, please contact Xuanyu (Guangzhou) art media Co., Ltd!
分享是一種美德，分享是一種快樂，學會分享，快樂他人！
Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a pleasure, learning to share, happy others!
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