銀錠是熔鑄成錠的白銀。目前出土銀錠中年代最早的，是西漢漢景帝中元二年 (公元前148年) 所鑄。西漢末年，王莽推翻西漢，建新朝，也鑄有銀貨。從此之后的歷代朝代都有鑄造銀錠，但都流通不廣。尤其是明代初期，當(dāng)時民間流行用金銀來交易，洪武八年，朝廷發(fā)行寶鈔，寶鈔就相當(dāng)于人民幣的紙幣，可以用作兌換銀兩的紙幣，發(fā)行寶鈔之后，朱元璋下令嚴(yán)禁民間用金銀交易，違者治罪。到明英宗即位后，才開始逐漸解禁，允許民間用金銀當(dāng)貨幣交易。這一舉動造就了明朝當(dāng)時社會整體購買能力要高于宋、元兩朝。到了清代銀錠更加流通，并實行銀錢平行本位制度，規(guī)定制錢一千文準(zhǔn)銀一兩。銀兩是法定通貨，不僅民間交易收藏使用，官府收納地丁捐稅也使用。由此形成銀兩制度。清朝的銀兩多以馬蹄形的元寶出現(xiàn)，故亦稱為寶銀。經(jīng)過熔鑄，又可分為大錠、中錠、小錠，通稱銀塊或銀錠此外還有碎銀。由于各地均可自行熔鑄寶銀，以致寶銀的種類和名稱雖然全國大體一致，但成色與重量并不一律。各地使用不同成色名目的銀兩，相互兌換均有一定的折算比率。
Silver ingot is silver melted into ingot. At present, the earliest silver ingot unearthed is made in the second year of Zhongyuan (148 BC), Emperor Jingdi of the Western Han Dynasty. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang overthrew the Western Han Dynasty, built a new dynasty, and made silver products. Since then, silver ingots have been cast in successive dynasties, but they are not widely circulated. Especially in the early Ming Dynasty, gold and silver were popular among the people. In the eighth year of Hongwu, the imperial court issued banknotes, which were equivalent to RMB notes, and could be used to exchange silver notes. After the issuance of banknotes, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that the non-governmental use of gold and silver was strictly prohibited, and the offender was punished. It was only after emperor Yingzong ascended the throne that the ban was gradually lifted and gold and silver were allowed to be used as currency by the people. This move led to the fact that the overall purchasing power of the Ming Dynasty was higher than that of the song and Yuan Dynasties. By the Qing Dynasty, silver ingots were more circulating, and the parallel standard system of silver and money was implemented, stipulating that one or two thousand Wen silver coins would be made. Silver is legal currency. It is not only collected and used by private transactions, but also used by government to collect local taxes. Thus, the silver system came into being. In the Qing Dynasty, most of the silver appeared in the shape of horseshoe, so it is also called Baoyin. After melting and casting, it can be divided into large ingot, medium ingot and small ingot. It is generally called silver ingot or silver ingot, in addition to broken silver. Since all parts of the country can melt and cast their own silver, the variety and name of the silver are generally the same across the country, but the color and weight are not the same. Silver of different brands is used everywhere, and there is a certain conversion ratio for mutual exchange.
歷朝歷代中，銀錠的種類都是不統(tǒng)一的，一種是寶銀，呈馬蹄形，重50兩；第二種是中錠，多為錘形，重約10兩，又稱小元寶；第三種是小錁或錁子，形為饅頭狀，重一二兩，也叫小錠；第四種是不足一兩的散碎銀子，有滴珠、福珠等稱謂。銀錠到民國時期都還可繼續(xù)使用，直至新中國成立，銀錠才逐漸退出歷史舞臺。不再作為貨幣交易。因此導(dǎo)致其存世量非常之稀缺，在拍賣會上也是神龍見首不見尾，可遇不可求的存在。
In all dynasties, the types of silver ingots are not uniform. One is Baoyin, which is horseshoe shaped and weighs 50 Liang. The second is Zhongding, which is mostly hammer shaped and weighs about 10 Liang. It is also called xiaoyuanbao. The third is Xiaobao or Jizi, which is steamed bread shaped and weighs 12 Liang. It is also called Xiaoding. The fourth is less than one or two pieces of silver, which are called drips, Fuzhu and so on. The silver ingot could still be used until the Republic of China. Until the founding of new China, the silver ingot was gradually withdrawn from the historical stage. No longer traded as currency. As a result, the amount of its existence is very scarce, and it is also a rare existence in the auction.
軒宇藝術(shù)有幸征得一枚清代銀錠，此銀錠呈成元寶型，銀錠中間鐫有海豐縣，標(biāo)明其地區(qū)，左鐫有九月官錢局，標(biāo)明其鑄造局，右鐫有乾隆四年，標(biāo)明其鑄造時間，此些信息表明其銀錠為官銀。銀錠品相完整，包漿深厚，手感沉重、藏品雖然經(jīng)歷了無窮歲月的洗禮，但如今保存極為完好。是收藏界精品，具有無法估量的學(xué)術(shù)與歷史價值。
Xuanyu art has the honor to obtain a Qing Dynasty silver ingot. The ingot is in the shape of Yuanbao. Haifeng County is engraved in the middle of the ingot, indicating its area. The official money Bureau in September is engraved on the left, indicating its casting Bureau. The four years of Qianlong period is engraved on the right, indicating its casting time. This information indicates that the ingot is official silver. The silver ingot is complete in appearance, deep in slurry, heavy in hand. Although the collection has experienced endless years of baptism, it is now well preserved. It is an excellent collection with incalculable academic and historical value.
銀錠銘文是指鑄造銀錠時鏨刻或鑄造在銀錠上的文字，內(nèi)容歷代不盡相同，大體包括銀錠鑄造的時間、地點、用途、成色、官員或工匠姓名等。鏨刻銘文是當(dāng)時為了保證銀錠的質(zhì)量，用簽字畫押的方法，表示對經(jīng)手的銀錠負(fù)責(zé)。各個歷史時代銀錠上的銘文都與當(dāng)時的貨幣經(jīng)濟緊密相聯(lián)，與當(dāng)時政府用銀為貨幣的歷史相一致，如漢代銀錠銘文字少；唐代的銀錠字開始多起來了；宋金銀錠銘文較以前有了顯著變化，用途也較廣泛，很多銀錠開始注明用途、地點、成色、匠人等銘文；元代用途進一步擴大，有了稅課銀徭役折銀稅等銘文。明代的銘文多涉及稅銀內(nèi)容一般包括地點、時間、用途、重量、工匠、監(jiān)鑄押運官員等；清代和民國時期銀錠銘文變化最大。朝代的更迭，時代的轉(zhuǎn)變，時局的動蕩，歷史的改革，導(dǎo)致銀錠目前在的存世量非常之稀缺，以至于其價值非常之高。
The inscriptions on silver ingots refer to the characters carved or cast on the ingots when they are cast. The contents of the inscriptions vary from generation to generation, generally including the time, place, use, quality, name of officials or craftsmen, etc. In order to ensure the quality of the ingot, the engraved inscriptions were signed to indicate that they were responsible for the handled ingot. The inscriptions on silver ingots in various historical periods are closely related to the monetary economy at that time, which is consistent with the history that the government used silver as currency at that time. For example, there were fewer silver ingot inscriptions in the Han Dynasty; there were more silver ingot inscriptions in the Tang Dynasty; the inscriptions on gold and silver ingots in the Song Dynasty had significant changes and were widely used. Many silver ingots began to indicate the use, location, quality, craftsman and other inscriptions; the use in the Yuan Dynasty Further expansion, with tax class silver corvee into silver tax and other inscriptions. The Ming Dynasty's inscriptions mostly related to the content of tax silver, generally including location, time, use, weight, craftsman, casting supervision and escort officials, etc.; the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China witnessed the greatest changes in the inscriptions on silver ingots. The change of dynasties, the change of times, the turbulence of current situation, and the reform of history have led to the scarcity of silver ingots in existence, so that their value is very high.
豐富藝術(shù)生活，傳遞藝術(shù)價值！如果您對此枚清代銀錠感興趣，歡迎聯(lián)系軒宇（廣州）藝術(shù)傳媒有限公司！
Enrich art life and transfer art value! If you are interested in this Qing Dynasty silver ingot, please contact Xuanyu (Guangzhou) art media Co., Ltd!
分享是一種美德，分享是一種快樂，學(xué)會分享，快樂他人！
Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a pleasure, learning to share, happy others!
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