官窯即中國古代由朝廷直接控制的官辦瓷窯，專燒宮廷、官府用瓷。官窯因供御而制，享負盛名，可謂上品重器，寥若晨星。其簡潔端莊，唯覃奧淵涵可達，證故時匠人神技巧思，盡諳美瓷韻致，窯火斑斕處，看盡一代思潮，出窯成品時，溢散趙宋文士雅調。
The official kiln is a kind of porcelain kiln directly controlled by the imperial court in ancient China, which specializes in firing porcelain for the court and the government. The official kiln is made for the imperial service and enjoys a great reputation. It can be said to be a top-grade heavy ware, which is as rare as the morning star. It is simple and dignified, only accessible to Qin, Aoyuan and Han. It proves that the craftsmen and gods are skillful and thoughtful. They are familiar with the charm of the United States porcelain, the colorful kiln fire, and the trend of thought of a generation. When they come out of the kiln, they spread the elegant style of Zhao and song scholars.
宋代官窯瓷器素面朝天，既無華美的雕飾，又無艷彩涂繪，純粹以素雅、深邃的釉面及樸茂、端莊的器型，又或是使用凹凸直棱和弦紋為飾引人入勝。釉面紋片粼粼，愈顯高潔古雅。釉色以粉青為主。釉面開片本因釉與胎的收縮率不一致，冷卻時形成一種釉裂胎不裂的現象，古代工匠巧妙地利用錯落有致的開片，順其自然，形成一種妙趣天成的裝飾釉。這種裝飾主要出現在宋代官窯、哥窯、汝窯青瓷表面。或稱“開片”、“龜裂”。
In Song Dynasty, the porcelain of official kilns faces the sky with no gorgeous carvings or colorful paintings. It is simply decorated with elegant and profound glaze, simple and elegant and dignified utensils, or with concave and convex straight edge and chord patterns. The glaze pattern is sparkling, which is more elegant and elegant. The glaze color is mainly pink and blue. Because the shrinkage rate of glaze and tyre is not the same, there is a phenomenon that the glaze will not crack when it is cooled. The ancient craftsmen cleverly use the staggered opening to let it go and form a kind of decorative glaze with natural beauty. This kind of decoration mainly appeared on the surface of Celadon of Song Dynasty official kiln, Ge kiln and Ru kiln. Or "split" or "craze".
官窯有北宋官窯和南宋官窯之分。相傳北宋大觀、政和年間，在汴京附近設立窯場，由官府直接經營。北宋官窯傳世品很少，形質與工藝與汝窯有共同處。器多仿古，主要有碗、瓶、洗等。胎體顯厚，胎骨深灰、紫色或黑色，釉色有淡青、粉青、月白等，釉質瑩潤溫雅，尤以釉面開大裂紋片著稱。底有文釘燒痕，有“紫口鐵足”(釉彩較薄的口部呈紫色，瓷器沒有涂釉的底部顯現瓷胚本來的鐵色)的特征。
There are two kinds of official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. According to legend, in the Daguan and Zhenghe years of the Northern Song Dynasty, a kiln was set up near Bianjing, which was directly operated by the government. The official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty had few handed down products, and they had something in common with Ru kilns in shape, quality and technology. There are many antique wares, mainly including bowls, bottles, washing, etc. The fetal body is thick, the fetal bone is dark gray, purple or black, the glaze color is light blue, pink blue, white, etc., the enamel is lustrous, moist and elegant, especially famous for the large cracks on the glaze. There are nail burn marks on the bottom, and the characteristics of "Purple mouth and iron foot" (the mouth with thin glaze color is purple, and the bottom of porcelain without glaze shows the original iron color of porcelain embryo).
因宋代汴京遺址已沉入地下，至今尚未發掘出。因此，時至今日，關于北宋官窯遺址在何處，仍有不同說法，一般有三種說法：一說北宋官窯即為汝窯;二說否認北宋官窯的存在;三說為北宋官窯即為汴京官窯，它與南宋時的修內司官窯先后存在。支持第三種說法的人較多。
Because Bianjing site in Song Dynasty has sunk into the ground, it has not yet been excavated. Therefore, up to now, there are still different opinions on the location of the official kiln site in the Northern Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, there are three opinions: one is that the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty is Ru kiln; the other is that it denies the existence of the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty; the third is that the official kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty is Bianjing kiln, which successively exists with the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are more people supporting the third view.
南宋時先后設立了“修內司窯”和“郊壇下窯”。南宋官窯器，胎為黑、深灰、淺灰、米黃色等，有厚薄之分，胎質細膩。釉面乳濁，多開片，釉色有粉青、淡青、灰青、月白、米黃等,有冰裂紋，隱紋如鷹爪。器型除碗、盤、碟、洗等日用器皿外，還有仿商周青銅器的尊、鼎、爐、觚等陳設瓷和祭祀用禮器。
In the Southern Song Dynasty, "xiuneisi kiln" and "jiaotanxia kiln" were successively set up. The official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty were black, dark grey, light grey and beige in shape, with fine and fine texture. The glaze is turbid and mostly split. The glaze color is pink, light green, grey green, moon white and beige. There are ice cracks and hidden lines like eagle claws. In addition to the daily utensils such as bowls, plates, saucers and washes, there are also ornamented porcelain and sacrificial ritual utensils such as Zun, Ding, stove and Gu imitating the bronze wares of Shang and Zhou dynasties.
此官窯瓶八方，圓盤口，長頸往下漸寬，間飾弦紋成雙，一改造型的單調感，增強了器物的裝飾性。下接垂肩，棱角分明，碩腹豐盈，器形端莊，剛中見柔。底承八方圈足，胎呈黑褐鐵色。通體罩施青釉，微偏灰，若水映晴空之色，澄澈瑩潤，隱透丹霞，不失溫煦。片紋自然泛金，濃淡不一。釉質豐厚，撫如瓊玉。口沿釉稍流敞，色呈絳紫，圈足釉略蓄聚，質若凝脂。宋之官窯，舉世稀珍，于南北兩故宮中，亦屬不可多得之物。今之所見，官窯上品者，價值甚高。
宋代官窯八方葫蘆瓶。高22厘米。口3厘米。底足9厘米。長頸往下漸寬，間飾弦紋成雙，一改造型的單調感，增強了器物的裝飾性。下接垂肩，棱角分明，碩腹豐盈，器形端莊，剛中見柔。底承八方圈足，胎呈黑褐鐵色。通體罩施青釉，微偏灰，若水映晴空之色，澄澈瑩潤，隱透丹霞，不失溫煦。片紋自然泛金，濃淡不一。釉質豐厚，撫如瓊玉。口沿釉稍流敞，色呈絳紫，圈足釉略蓄聚，質若凝脂。宋之官窯，舉世稀珍，于南北兩故宮中，亦屬不可多得之物。今之所見，官窯上品者，價值甚高。
Eight square gourd bottle of the Song Dynasty official kiln. Height 22 cm. Mouth 3 cm. Bottom foot 9 cm. The long neck is gradually widened downward, and the string patterns are in pairs. The monotony of the modeling is changed, and the decoration of the utensils is enhanced. Under the shoulders, the edges and corners are clear, the abdomen is plump, the shape is dignified, and the hardness is soft. At the bottom, the feet are surrounded by octagonal rings, and the fetus is black brown iron. The whole body is covered with blue glaze, slightly gray. If the water reflects the color of the clear sky, it is clear and lustrous. It can hide the Danxia without losing its warmth. The texture is naturally golden with different shades. The enamel is rich and the touch is like jade. The mouth is slightly open along the glaze, the color is crimson, the ring foot glaze is slightly accumulated, and the quality is like condensation. The official kilns of Song Dynasty are rare in the world. They are also rare in the two imperial palaces in the north and the south. As we can see now, the value of the top-grade official kilns is very high.
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