2019年展覽精品推薦
銀錠咸豐元年 匠興順源
【藏.薦】欄為藏品強大的傳播效應向各位買家推薦經國家一級鑒定專家甄選的藝術珍品,為藏家牽線搭橋,讓千百件藝術珍品價值被發(fā)掘與重視,在拍賣會上得以高價成交。
[Tibet. Recommendation] column for the strong dissemination effect of the collection to recommend to buyers the selected art treasures by experts at the first level of national appraisal, to bridge the gap for Tibetans, so that the value of thousands of art treasures are excavated and valued, and high-priced transactions can be concluded in the auction.
【名稱】： 銀 錠
【類型】： 雜 項
【年代】： 咸豐元年
【規(guī)格】： 重量：377g
[name]: silver ingot
[type]: Miscellaneous
[year]: the first year of Xianfeng
[Specification]: weight: 377g
銀錠，中國古代非常重要的一種貨幣，它是通過白銀熔鑄成錠，在市場中廣為流通。銀錠開始于漢代，其后鑄造并沒有間斷，不過真正盛行是在明代，到了清朝銀錠成為了主要的流通貨幣，因以“兩”作為重量單位，因此常常被人稱之為銀兩。
制造銀錠屬于鑄工工藝，有一整套傳統的工藝流程，由于銀金屬的特性和銀錠型制的特殊要求，鑄造銀錠的方法不同于普通的鑄造方法，是一項獨具特點的傳統工藝。中國有悠久的鑄錠歷史，經過不斷的改進發(fā)展，逐漸形成了一套完整的鑄錠工藝程序，大體經過算料、熔化、提純、滲色、驗色、成型、鏨刻銘文、檢驗等工序完成。各有千秋，異曲同工，薈萃成繁花似錦的中國銀錠。
清代是中國銀錠鑄造和發(fā)展的鼎盛時期，清政府大力提倡“用銀為本、用錢為末”的情況下迅速發(fā)展起來的。明代中后期以后，外國銀元的源源不斷的大量涌入和明清兩代積極開產銀礦為清代推行銀兩制奠定了堅實的基礎，充足的白銀存量和各地的自由鑄造使銀兩成為清代前期國家財政收支的重要媒介和百姓生活中不可缺少的主要通貨。清代銀錠的中國銀錠鑄造和發(fā)展的鼎盛時期，清政府對于銀兩的鑄造，采取放任自流的的政策，正如《清代文獻通考》描述的那樣：“用銀之處，官司所發(fā)，例以紋銀；商民行使，自十成至九成八成七成不等。民間所有，除各項紋銀之外，如江南、浙江有絲元等銀，湖廣、江西有鹽馓等銀，山西有西槽及水絲等銀，四川有土槽、柳槽及茴香等銀，陜甘有元槽等銀，廣西有北流等銀，云南貴州有石槽及茶花等銀，此外又有青絲、白絲、單傾、雙傾、方槽、長槽等名色。是海內用銀不患不足，因其高下輕重以抵錢之多寡，各隨其便，流轉行用”。存世的清代銀錠數量龐大、品種繁多、各具豐采。形狀有馬蹄型、圓型、牌坊型、砝碼型等，重量從50—1兩不等。
明、清銀錠較前朝形制的變化，還有一個重要特征，即雙翅。雙翅是在銀液凝固前，來回傾倒鐵范形成的,在傾倒過程中，銀液來回流動，更有利于銀液中氣體的溢出，銀液厚度與蜂窩的形成有著密切的關系。在澆鑄時，銀液內部壓強與液面高度成正比，相對于宋、元銀錠，明、清銀錠較厚，銀液內部壓強大，銀液內析出的氧氣難以聚集成較大氣泡，因此，形成的蜂窩孔也較小。在起翅過程中，由于銀液來回流動，大量氣體逸出，在其他部位就沒有蜂窩孔洞或僅現凹坑?？梢?，范腔的形狀以及采用的人工操作方式，都會對蜂窩的形成產生影響，這可能也就是銀錠器型與外觀特征變化的技術原因。
銀錠是經由銀匠之手鑄成，因此每一件銀錠都是獨一無二的藝術品，現今存世的古代銀錠，非常稀少，這種承載著悠久貨幣文化和歷史的古代錢幣，雖然已經退出了商業(yè)舞臺，但它現在的價值卻是不容忽視的。此銀錠為清代銀錠，品相完整，包漿深厚，手感沉重,流傳至今品相依然完整，是難得一見的銀錠精品。銀錠到民國時期都還可繼續(xù)使用，直至新中國成立，銀錠才逐漸退出，不再作為貨幣交易，因此導致其存世量非常之稀缺，作為不能出現在流通市場中的貨幣，這種銀錠更是不多見，是收藏界精品，被各路專家學者及收藏者們爭相看好，成為了重要的收藏對象，價格一直頗為可觀。
Silver ingot, a very important kind of money in ancient China, was melted into ingot by silver and widely circulated in the market. Silver ingot started in Han Dynasty, and it was cast continuously. However, it was really popular in Ming Dynasty, and it became the main currency in circulation in Qing Dynasty. Because of the weight unit of "two", it was often called silver ingot.
Manufacturing silver ingot belongs to the casting process, which has a complete set of traditional process. Due to the characteristics of silver metal and the special requirements of silver ingot mold, the method of casting silver ingot is different from the common casting method, which is a unique traditional process. China has a long history of ingot casting. Through continuous improvement and development, a complete set of ingot casting process has been gradually formed, which is generally completed by material calculation, melting, purification, color infiltration, color inspection, molding, engraving inscriptions, inspection and other processes. Each of them has its own merits, and they have the same characteristics.
Qing Dynasty is the peak period of China's silver ingot casting and development. The Qing government vigorously advocated the rapid development under the situation of "taking silver as the foundation and money as the end". After the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the continuous influx of foreign silver dollars and the active production of silver mines in the Ming and Qing Dynasties laid a solid foundation for the implementation of the silver system in the Qing Dynasty. The sufficient silver stock and free casting all over the country made the silver become an important medium of national financial revenue and expenditure in the early Qing Dynasty and an indispensable main currency in people's life. In the heyday of China's silver ingot casting and development in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government adopted a policy of laissez faire for the casting of silver ingots. As described in the general survey of Qing Dynasty documents, "where silver was used, there were lawsuits, such as tattooed silver; when merchants exercised it, it ranged from 10% to 90.87%. In addition to all kinds of silver patterns, there are silk yuan and other silver in Jiangnan and Zhejiang, Yansan and other silver in Huguang and Jiangxi, Xicao and shuisi in Shanxi, Tucao, LiuCao and fennel in Sichuan, yuancao and other silver in Shaanxi and Gansu, Beiliu and other silver in Guangxi, Shicao and Camellia in Yunnan and Guizhou, as well as Qingsi, Baisi, single dip, double dip, square slot and long slot. It's because there is no shortage of silver at home, because it's more important than others to offset the amount of money, so it can be used freely. The silver ingots of Qing Dynasty are large in quantity, various in variety and various in variety. The shape has horseshoe type, round type, archway type, weight type, etc., and the weight ranges from 50-1.
There is also an important feature of the shape of Ming and Qing silver ingots compared with that of the previous dynasties, that is, their wings. During the pouring process, the silver liquid flows back and forth, which is more conducive to the overflow of gas in the silver liquid. The thickness of the silver liquid is closely related to the formation of honeycomb. In the process of casting, the internal pressure of the silver liquid is directly proportional to the height of the liquid surface. Compared with the silver ingots of song and Yuan Dynasties, the silver ingots of Ming and Qing Dynasties are thicker, and the internal pressure of the silver liquid is large, so the oxygen precipitated in the silver liquid is difficult to gather into larger bubbles, so the honeycomb hole formed is smaller. In the process of winging, because silver liquid flows back and forth and a large amount of gas escapes, there are no honeycomb holes or only pits in other parts. It can be seen that the shape of die cavity and the manual operation mode adopted will have an impact on the formation of honeycomb, which may be the technical reason for the change of silver ingot shape and appearance characteristics.
Silver ingots are made by silversmiths, so every silver ingot is a unique work of art. Today's ancient silver ingots are very rare. This kind of ancient coins bearing a long monetary culture and history has exited the commercial stage, but its current value cannot be ignored. This ingot is a kind of silver ingot in Qing Dynasty. It has complete appearance, deep coating and heavy hand feeling. It has been handed down till now. It is a rare silver ingot boutique. Silver ingots can still be used until the Republic of China. Until the founding of new China, silver ingots gradually withdrew from the market and were no longer used as currency transactions. As a result, the amount of silver ingots in the world is very scarce. As money that can not appear in the circulation market, this kind of silver ingots is even less common. It is a fine product in the collection field. It has been favored by experts, scholars and collectors from all walks of life and has become an important collection object. The price of silver ingots is very high. GE has always been considerable.
此件藏品為本次核心推薦藏品，歡迎各位藏友咨詢競拍，機會難得！
This collection is recommended for this core collection. You are welcome to consult and bid for it. It's a rare opportunity!
