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金銀杯在文獻中常見。《舊唐書高胡楚賓傳》記載:胡楚賓者,宣州秋浦人。屬文敏速,每飲半酣而后操筆,高宗每令作文,必以金銀杯盛酒令飲,便以杯賜之。《資治通鑒》中和元年七月條也記載:令孜宴土客都頭,以金杯行酒,因賜之,諸都頭皆拜而受。但古代文獻對金銀杯的形制沒有具體的描述。現代考古學中定名的杯類很復雜,一般是 以器物的形狀和現代器皿的名稱來定名,有些碗形的器物也被稱為杯。杯類器物,有的形狀差別甚大,當時的用途也不同。故僅將杯類器物按形狀差別分為高足杯、帶把杯、長杯等來分別敘述。

Gold and silver cups are common in literature. The biography of Gaohu Chu bin in the old Tang Dynasty records that Hu Chu bin was born in Qiupu, Xuanzhou. It's Wenmin speed. Every time he drinks, he will write. Every time he writes, he will drink wine in a gold and silver cup. Then he will give it a cup. It is also recorded in the general review of Zizhi and the July of the first year that all the heads of the local and Hakka capitals were given feasts to drink wine in gold cups. However, there is no specific description of the shape of gold and silver cup in ancient literature. The cups named in modern archaeology are very complex. They are usually named according to the shape of utensils and the name of modern utensils. Some bowl shaped utensils are also called cups. Some of the cups have very different shapes and different uses at that time. Therefore, according to the shape difference, the cups can be divided into high foot cup, long cup with handle and so on.

 

一個時代往往有一種典型的物質文化,這種物質文化常伴隨著某種新材質的使用和新審美意識的形成而產生。唐朝是中國古代金銀器制作和使用的繁榮期,目前出土的金銀器代表著中國古代所能達到的最高水平。

There is often a typical material culture in an era, which is often accompanied by the use of a new material and the formation of a new aesthetic consciousness. Tang Dynasty is a prosperous period of making and using gold and silver wares in ancient China. At present, the unearthed gold and silver wares represent the highest level that can be achieved in ancient China.

 

在金屬中,黃金和白銀延展性非常好,相對比較柔軟,容易做出非常精美的器物。所以精美的工藝作品很多都是用黃金和白銀制作的。在漢朝之前,我們發現的金銀器的制作技術和銅器沒什么區別,也是鑄造技術。這種方法對金銀器來說并不合適,并不能體現金銀的特性。漢代在金銀制作上,就出現了打制、鍛造技術。鍛造技術制作的金銀器棱線分明,光亮如新,精致異常。在漢墓里還發現有在金銀器上掐絲焊綴金珠的工藝,相當成熟和先進。而到了唐代,中國的金銀器水平就成為世界一流了。

Among the metals, gold and silver are very malleable, relatively soft, and easy to make very exquisite artifacts. So many of the exquisite crafts are made of gold and silver. Before the Han Dynasty, we found that the manufacturing technology of gold and silver ware was no different from that of copper ware, and it was also casting technology. This method is not suitable for gold and silver ware and does not reflect the characteristics of gold and silver. In the Han Dynasty, the technology of making gold and silver appeared. The gold and silver ware made by forging technology has clear edges and lines, is as bright as new, and is extremely exquisite. In the Han Dynasty tombs, it was also found that there was a process of cutting wires and welding gold beads on gold and silver vessels, which was quite mature and advanced. By the Tang Dynasty, China's gold and silver level had become the world's first-class.

唐代金銀器制造工藝的標志是錘揲和鏨刻技術的成熟應用。所謂錘揲,就是將金銀片放在模具上反復錘打成型,做出這個器物的基本的形態,然后通過大小不同、形式各異的鏨子,用小錘擊打,由里到外,打出器物主要紋樣的輪廓,然后在這個輪廓上精細地進行雕刻。由于錘揲技術的發展和被廣泛地利用,就使原來的一種平面的單調的表現形式發生了變化,器物出現一種浮雕的效果。

The mark of the gold and silver ware manufacturing technology in Tang Dynasty is the mature application of hammering and chiseling technology. The so-called hammer is to hammer the gold and silver pieces on the mold repeatedly to make the basic shape of the artifact, and then use the chisels of different sizes and forms to hit with a small hammer to make the outline of the main patterns of the artifact from the inside to the outside, and then carve the outline finely. Due to the development and wide use of hammer technology, the original flat and monotonous form of expression has changed, and a relief effect appears on the artifacts.

 

唐朝時對金銀的制作應該是不計成本大力支持的。在唐前期,中央政府就有一個金銀作坊院,直接屬于中央官署。很多工匠集中在一起工作,相互切磋技術,彼此提高都很快,創新也很多。體現在金銀器上就是表現形式多種多樣。比如在銀器上錘出花紋,然后在花紋的部分鎏金,這就是“金花銀器”,既保持了銀的質地,又和黃金的色澤互相映襯,明麗而奢華,很符合唐朝人的藝術品位。

In the Tang Dynasty, the production of gold and silver should be strongly supported regardless of cost. In the early Tang Dynasty, the central government had a gold and silver workshop, which directly belonged to the central government office. Many craftsmen work together, learn from each other, improve each other quickly, and innovate a lot. Reflected in the gold and silver ware is a variety of forms. For example, hammering out patterns on silverware, and then gilding some of the patterns, this is "gold flower silverware", which not only keeps the texture of silver, but also sets off with the color of gold, bright and luxurious, which is very in line with the artistic taste of Tang Dynasty people.

 

 

 

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