粉彩瓷創(chuàng)燒于清代康熙晚期。它是在康熙五彩瓷基礎(chǔ)上，受琺瑯彩制作工藝影響而發(fā)明的一種釉上彩工藝，由于色調(diào)淡雅和有粉潤(rùn)之美，故而稱(chēng)為“粉彩”。乾隆時(shí)的粉彩甚為盛行，在彩瓷領(lǐng)域中，已取代了五彩，趨于主導(dǎo)地位。乾隆粉彩裝飾的圖案追求華麗繁縟的風(fēng)格，題材內(nèi)容廣泛，在傳統(tǒng)的花卉、禽鳥(niǎo)、山水、人物的基礎(chǔ)上，增加了大量寓意福祿壽、太平盛世、倫理道德等方面的內(nèi)容，很多紋飾運(yùn)用諧音來(lái)表達(dá)吉祥的祝愿，膾炙人口。乾隆朝除了白地繪份彩外，還有色地粉彩或色地開(kāi)光中繪粉彩等品種。乾隆朝粉彩的創(chuàng)新品種是在黃、綠、紅、粉、藍(lán)等色地上用極細(xì)的工具軋出纏枝忍冬或纏枝蔓草等延綿不斷的紋飾，且多和開(kāi)光一起使用，人稱(chēng)軋道開(kāi)光。這一工藝的出現(xiàn)，將粉彩推上了更加富麗繁縟的頂峰，一直延續(xù)到民國(guó)。
Pastel porcelain was created in late Qing Dynasty. It is a glazed color process invented on the basis of multicolored porcelain and influenced by enamel production technology. It is called "Pastel" because of its elegance and the beauty of powder and moistening. In the Qianlong period, pastels were very popular. In the field of colored porcelain, they had replaced the colorful ones and tended to dominate. The decorative pattern of Qianlong's pastel decoration pursues gorgeous and complicated style, with a wide range of subject matter. On the basis of traditional flowers, birds, landscapes and characters, it adds a lot of contents, such as "Fu Shou Shou", "peace and prosperity", ethics and morality. Many ornaments use homophonic expressions to express auspicious wishes. In Qianlong Dynasty, besides white paintings, there were also colored pastels or pastels painted in colored lighting. The innovative varieties of pastel in Qianlong Dynasty were rolling out continuous decorations such as honeysuckle or vine with very fine tools on yellow, green, red, pink, blue and so on. They were often used together with Kaiguang, which was called "open road rolling". The emergence of this technology pushed the pastel to a more colorful peak, which lasted until the Republic of China.
粉彩仕女紋荷花口瓶
Pink Lady Lotus Mouth Vase
高(H)：27.3cm腹徑(MD)：11.51cm 口徑(CD)：10.57cm
編號(hào)(NO.)：ZLFW2019-9990085
此件粉彩仕女紋荷花口瓶為清末明初時(shí)期所制，造型端莊俊秀，雅致大方。整器形制規(guī)整，束徑，口部外撇，呈荷葉荷花狀，弧度恰到好處，整個(gè)頸部線條內(nèi)斂柔美。圈足，瓶背面的字體工整舒朗，飄逸灑脫。粉彩瓶胎薄體輕，通體施白釉，釉色潔白溫潤(rùn)，光滑細(xì)膩。外壁正面紋飾為侍女紋，以粉彩勾畫(huà)，技藝嫻熟，畫(huà)面生動(dòng)。一些青石，一棵大樹(shù)，一位侍女，一個(gè)窗戶，樹(shù)陰底下，人物喜笑顏開(kāi)，生動(dòng)和諧，恬靜自然。侍女身著長(zhǎng)裙，手拿蒲扇，望向遠(yuǎn)方，意境悠遠(yuǎn)。此類(lèi)創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格具有典型的晚清工藝特點(diǎn)，時(shí)代特征及其鮮明。綜合觀之，該粉彩仕女紋荷花口瓶造型獨(dú)特，工藝考究嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，包漿厚重，收藏價(jià)值較高。
This Pink Lady lotus vase was made in the late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It is elegant and elegant. The shape of the whole machine is regular, the diameter of the beam is outside, and the outer part of the mouth is flattened. The lotus leaf is shaped like a lotus flower. The radian is just right, and the entire neck line is soft and restrained. Circle foot, the font on the back of the bottle is neat and smooth, elegant and free. The pastel bottle has a thin body and white glaze. The glaze is white and moist, smooth and delicate. The front of the exterior wall is decorated with maid's pattern. It is painted in pastel. It is skilled and vivid. Some bluestones, a big tree, a maid, a window, under the shade of the tree, the characters are smiling, lively and harmonious, quiet and natural. The maid, dressed in a long skirt and with a Pufan in her hand, looks far away and has a long artistic conception. This kind of creative style has typical characteristics of late Qing craftsmanship, times and distinct features. In a comprehensive view, the pink lady pattern lotus vase has unique shape, exquisite and rigorous craftsmanship, thick pulp and high collection value.
粉彩瓷是琺瑯彩之外，清宮廷又一創(chuàng)燒的彩瓷。在燒好的胎釉上施含砷物的粉底，涂上顏料后用筆洗開(kāi)，由于砷的乳蝕作用顏色產(chǎn)生粉化效果。該款粉彩仕女紋荷花口瓶極具民族特色，簡(jiǎn)單率直，流傳極少，收藏價(jià)值極高。
Pink-colored porcelain is a new kind of enamel besides enamel, which was created and fired by the Qing court. The powder base containing arsenic is applied on the burnt fetal glaze and washed off with a pen after coating with pigments. Because of the emulsifying effect of arsenic, the color has a pulverizing effect. This kind of pink lotus vase with Lady pattern has very national characteristics. It is simple and straightforward, seldom circulated and has high collection value.
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