明代銅犀牛擺件
Ming dynasty copper rhinoceros ornaments
重：1529.2g
Weight: 1529.2 g
編號：YSWHPMFW-1140
Number: YSWHPMFW - 1140
存世的青銅器中也有犀牛的形象，著名的有現(xiàn)收藏于美國舊金山亞洲藝術(shù)博物館的小臣艅犀尊，屬于商代晚期的器物，是很寫實(shí)的蘇門答臘犀形象。還有中國國家博物館的錯金銀云紋青銅犀尊，其年代有爭議，一般認(rèn)為為戰(zhàn)國到西漢之間，由于頭上有兩只角，也屬于蘇門答臘犀。這說明先秦時期人們能夠準(zhǔn)確把握犀牛的特征，對于犀牛的形象比較熟悉。
Known examples of bronze ware also has the rhino's image, famous have now held in a small American San Francisco Asian art museum minister Yu rhinoceros, belongs to the implements of the late shang dynasty, is a realistic image of sumatran rhinoceros. There is also the bronze rhinoceros statue of the national museum of China. Its age is disputed. It is generally believed to be from warring states period to western han dynasty. This shows that people in the pre-qin period could accurately grasp the characteristics of rhinoceros and were familiar with the image of rhinoceros.
明代時期七八品武官的補(bǔ)服用犀牛補(bǔ)子，那上面的犀牛更像是青牛。《西游記》中的犀牛精也是有兩只角，與牛的形象十分接近。到明清時期的犀角雕刻，特別是明代的犀角造型豐富，工藝精湛是非常精美的工藝品。
In the Ming dynasty, the military attache of seven or eight grades took the tonic of rhinoceros, which was more like a green ox. The essence of rhinoceros in journey to the west also has two horns, which is very similar to the image of ox. To the Ming and qing dynasties rhinoceros horn carving, especially the Ming dynasty rhinoceros horn shape rich, exquisite workmanship is very exquisite crafts.
此藏品為明代銅犀牛擺件，犀牛在我們的印象中是一種很生猛的動物，它強(qiáng)壯的體格仿若能抗擊一切事物，在古代，犀牛與龍、虎、具有同等神圣的象征，它們都具有辟邪的作用。擺件整體的顏色十分吻合犀牛的風(fēng)格，其體態(tài)油潤豐盈。此犀牛形態(tài)十分逼真，四只粗壯的腿支撐著雄健的身軀，再看犀牛身上的浮雕紋飾，不僅工藝精巧，更添犀牛本身的陽剛護(hù)佑作用。從整體來講，這件作品結(jié)構(gòu)合理，生動且充滿活力，有著較高的藝術(shù)欣賞價(jià)值與收藏價(jià)值。
This collection is decorated for Ming dynasty copper rhinoceros, rhinoceros in our impression is a very fierce animal, its strong physique if can resist everything, in ancient times, rhinoceros and dragon, tiger, have the same sacred symbol, they have the role of exorcism. The overall color of the decoration is very consistent with the style of the rhinoceros. This rhinoceros configuration is very lifelike, 4 thick and strong leg are supporting virile body, look again the relief design on rhinoceros body is acted the role of, not only craft is exquisite, more add the virile protective effect of rhinoceros itself. On the whole, this work is reasonable in structure, vivid and full of vitality, with a high value of art appreciation and collection.
古人認(rèn)為犀牛的靈異來自于犀角，所以犀角也成了珍貴的東西，上面說的犀牛名目也是主要指犀牛角。唐代流行束蹀躞（讀碟謝）帶，那時最講究的帶銙是用犀角制成的。《新唐書·車服志》記載“諸親朝賀宴會之服：一品、二品服玉及通犀，三品服花犀、班犀。”所謂通犀、花犀、班犀都是犀角的種類，其中通犀又稱通天犀，是指那種中間有一條白線直通到頂?shù)南恰＿@種犀角被認(rèn)為能夠“出氣通天”，所以有“心有靈犀一點(diǎn)通”的說法。古代傳說犀牛喜歡看星星，看著看著，星星飛到了犀牛角里，犀牛角就有了分水的功能。還有傳說認(rèn)為犀牛喜歡看月亮，看的久了，犀角上就會長出月亮的形狀，成語犀牛望月就是這么來的。
The ancients believe that the supernatural rhino from rhino horn, so rhino horn has become a precious thing, said the name of the rhinoceros is mainly refers to rhino horn. Popular in tang dynasty DieXie beam (read disc xie), then the most cultured with 銙 is made of horn. "The new tang dynasty book · che fu annals" records "the various relatives to celebrate the banquet clothing: one, two pieces of clothing jade and tong xi, three pieces of clothing flower xi, class xi. The so-called rhinoceros, flower rhinoceros, class rhinoceros is the type of rhino horn, which also known as the rhinoceros, refers to the kind of middle there is a white line straight to the top of the rhinoceros horn. The horn is thought to be able to breathe through the air, so there is a saying that "a mind ACTS upon a mind." Ancient legend rhinoceros like to look at the stars, looking at the stars fly to the rhinoceros horn, rhinoceros horn has the function of water. There is a legend that rhinoceros like to see the moon, see for a long time, rhinoceros horn will grow out of the shape of the moon, idiom rhinoceros full moon is so.
由于犀牛罕見，也就逐漸成了傳說中靈異的動物。唐代關(guān)于犀牛的名目有“卻塵犀”“避水犀”“避暑犀”“夜明犀”“蠲忿（讀絹奮，消除憤怒的意思）犀”“避寒犀”等等。《西游記》中玄英洞里的三個犀牛精分別叫辟寒大王、辟暑大王和辟塵大王，其源頭就來自這里。也是從唐代開始，由于人們對于犀牛不熟悉，更弄不清楚兕是什么，所以兕和犀牛逐漸合一，兕也成了犀牛的別稱。此藏品明代銅犀牛擺件存世量極少，極具收藏價(jià)值！
Because rhinoceros is rare, it has gradually become a legendary supernatural animal. The names of rhinoceros in tang dynasty include "qiushen rhinoceros", "avoid water rhinoceros", "summer hot rhinoceros", "night bright rhinoceros", "juangong rhinoceros" (read silk fen, eliminate the meaning of anger), "avoid cold rhinoceros" and so on. The three rhinoceros spirits in xuanying cave in journey to the west are called bihan king, bixia king and biqi king respectively. Is since the tang dynasty, due to people for rhinos are not familiar with, more what is not clear before, so before and rhino intergrade, before also became a rhino nickname. This collection Ming dynasty copper rhinoceros decoration of the world is very few, very collectable value!
