明代末年,鼻煙傳入中國。在整個清代,上至皇帝,下至百姓,嗅服鼻煙之風盛行。由于嫌歐洲人用于盛放鼻煙的銅盒和玻璃瓶不夠美觀和實用,中國的能工巧匠制作出中國式鼻煙壺。
In the late Ming Dynasty, snuff was introduced into China. Throughout the Qing Dynasty, sniffing snuff prevailed from the emperor to the people. Because the copper boxes and glass bottles used by suspected Europeans to hold snuff are not beautiful and practical enough, Chinese skilled craftsmen have made Chinese-style snuff bottles.
鼻煙壺雖小,卻集各種工藝之大成,是名符其實的袖珍藝術品。它造型多樣,材質貴重,紋飾精美,而且蘊含了豐富的傳統文化內涵。幾乎每一件留傳到今天的古代鼻煙壺,都是值得欣賞的藝術品和有美好寓意的吉祥物。
The snuff bottle is small, but it is a masterpiece of all kinds of crafts. It is really a pocket work of art. It has various shapes, precious materials, exquisite decorations, and contains rich traditional cultural connotations. Almost every ancient snuff bottle that has been passed down to today is a work of art worth appreciating and a mascot with a beautiful implication.
談起我國的吉祥藝術,不得不提鼻煙壺。盡管它的歷史不長,卻濃縮了歷史悠久的中國傳統文化;盡管鼻煙是舶來品,但鼻煙壺經過中國能工巧匠的精心打造,很快便成為一個獨立的、嶄新的工藝術美術品種;盡管它很袖珍,但集多種工藝之大成,被廣大收藏愛好者視為珍貴文玩。鼻煙壺所蘊含的吉祥文化,不僅在裝飾中表現得淋漓盡致,而且還表現在材質、造型等方面。
Talking about the auspicious art of our country, we have to lift snuff bottles. Despite its short history, it has concentrated the long-standing traditional Chinese culture; although snuff is an imported product, snuff bottles, carefully built by Chinese skillful craftsmen, soon become an independent and brand-new variety of Arts and crafts; although it is very small, it is a collection of a variety of Arts and crafts, and has been widely collected by enthusiasts. Play as a precious article. The auspicious culture contained in snuff bottles is not only vividly and vividly displayed in decoration, but also in material, shape and other aspects.
鼻煙是一種煙草制品,是將煙葉烘烤去莖,研磨成極細的粉末,發酵并加入薄荷、冰片、麝香等名貴藥材配制而成。制成后還要密封入窖陳化,經數年甚至數十年方可使用。鼻煙用鼻嗅服,具有提神醒腦、松弛神經、明目避疫等功效。嗅服鼻煙最先流行于歐洲,于明代末期傳入中國。當時鼻煙進口量少,僅廣東一帶有人服用。康熙開放海禁后,西方傳教士攜帶大量鼻煙和盛裝鼻煙的玻璃瓶進入中國,受其影響,國內聞鼻煙漸成風尚。
Snuff is a kind of tobacco product, which is prepared by baking tobacco leaves and removing stalks, grinding them into very fine powder, fermenting and adding valuable medicinal materials such as mint, borneol, musk and so on. After being made, it should be sealed and aged in cellar, which can be used for several years or even decades. Snuff sniffing clothes have the functions of refreshing the brain, relaxing nerves and evading epidemics blindly. Smell snuff first became popular in Europe and was introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, snuff imports were small, and only people in Guangdong took it. After Kangxi's opening of the sea ban, western missionaries brought a large number of snuff and glass bottles containing snuff into China. Affected by this, snuff snuff became popular in China.
鼻煙在進入中國之初,一般是用金屬盒或玻璃瓶盛裝,重量從四兩至一斤不等。中國人為了攜帶和嗅服方便,常把鼻煙放在盛藥的小瓶中。到了清初,開始出現了以硬木、貴重金屬、野牛角等制作的鼻煙壺。隨著時間的推移,鼻煙壺的制作越來越精巧,越來越藝術化,由實用品發展成為大眾喜聞樂見的藝術品和吉祥物。從以此后,“中國鼻煙壺”聲名遠播,連歐洲人也爭取收藏,視為寶貝。
At the beginning of its entry into China, snuff was usually packed in metal boxes or glass bottles, weighing from 42 to 1 kg. In order to carry and sniff clothes conveniently, Chinese people often put snuff in small bottles containing medicines. In the early Qing Dynasty, snuff bottles made of hardwood, precious metals and bison horns began to appear. With the passage of time, the production of snuff bottles has become more and more elaborate and artistic, from practical works to popular works of art and mascots. Since then, the "Chinese snuff bottle" has a long reputation, and even Europeans have striven to collect it as a treasure.
中國鼻煙壺誕生于明末清初,此時正是中國各種工藝美術技巧都已十分成熟的階段,傳統文化的積淀也十分雄厚。加上清代康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝經濟繁榮,百業興旺,鼻煙壺的制作迅速進入鼎盛期。在清代,鼻煙壺的產地主要集中在北京、廣州、遼寧、西藏、內蒙古等地,其制作工藝經歷了由簡到繁、由粗到細、由素面到加彩、加雕的過程,傳統工藝如鑄造、掐絲、燒造、套料、貼黃、雕、刻、剔、鏤、碾、鑲嵌、鎏金、繪畫、書法等都被能工巧匠們運用到鼻煙壺的制作上,使鼻煙壺成為集多種藝術之大成的袖珍藝術品。
Chinese snuff bottles were born in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. At this time, all kinds of Chinese arts and crafts skills have been very mature, and the accumulation of traditional culture is also very strong. With the economic prosperity of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties in the Qing Dynasty and the prosperity of all industries, the production of snuff bottles quickly entered its heyday. In the Qing Dynasty, snuff bottles were mainly produced in Beijing, Guangzhou, Liaoning, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and other places. Their production technology experienced a process from simple to complex, from coarse to fine, from plain to colored and carved. Traditional crafts such as casting, silk-drawing, firing, nesting, pasting yellow, carving, cutting, carving, carving, carving, grinding, inlaying, gold prizing. Painting, calligraphy and so on are all used by skilled craftsmen in the production of snuff bottles, making snuff bottles become a collection of a variety of art into a miniature works of art.
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