（南宋官窯）淺灰釉靑盤

(Southern Song Dynasty official kiln) shallow gray glazed cymbal plate

南宋官窯是官方的燒造瓷器的窯場，南宋時期勞動人民的制瓷技術有許多創造和進步。南宋建都臨安（今杭州）時，建立修內司、郊壇下窯，生產宮廷專用御品，故稱“南宋官窯”。

Official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty are official kilns for firing porcelain. The working people in the Southern Song Dynasty made many innovations and advances in the technology of making porcelain. When Linan (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, established Xiunisi and Jiaotianxia kilns to produce Royal products for the court, so it was called "official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty"

官窯分做兩個地方，一為北宋的汴京官窯，一為南宋南遷后高宗在杭州所另立的新窯杭州修內司官窯，亦稱內窯。然此項分類尚有紛歧意見，因為汴京遺址長埋于開封市底下，考古難以挖掘，只能借由古籍記載來推測當時燒窯的情況。根據幾本古籍，如明初曹昭《格古論要》、南宋人所寫《負暄雜錄》、以及南宋《垣齋筆衡》所載，官窯的確分作南北兩處。

Official kilns are divided into two parts, one is Bianjing Official Kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty, the other is Hangzhou Xionei Official Kiln, a new kiln set up by Gaozong in Hangzhou after the southern migration of the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as the Inner Kiln. However, there are still different opinions on this classification, because Bianjing Site is buried under Kaifeng City for a long time, and archaeology is difficult to excavate. It can only be inferred from ancient records that the kiln was burned at that time. According to several ancient books, such as Cao Zhao's Gegu Lunyuan in the early Ming Dynasty, Negative Xuan Zalu written by the people of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Yuanzhai Biheng in the Southern Song Dynasty, Guanyao is indeed divided into two parts, north and south.

南宋官窯是宋朝遷都臨安后，邵成章提舉在殿中省修內司按北宋舊制度在鳳凰山下設立官窯，稱為內窯；后來又在郊壇建立新官窯。修內司郊壇官窯瓷釉有月白、粉青、米黃三色，有冰裂紋，隱紋如鷹爪。明初曹昭《格古論要》言：“官窯器宋修內司燒者土臃細潤，色青帶粉紅，濃淡不一，有蟹爪紋紫口鐵足，色好者與汝窯相類，有黑土者謂之烏泥窯，偽者皆龍泉所燒者，無紋路。”另外值得一提的是，在《垣齋筆衡》中提到"后郊壇下別立新窯"，為南宋初期設立的第二座官窯，稱“郊壇官窯”，也位于杭州。

After the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Linan, Shao Chengzhang raised the official kiln under the old system of the Northern Song Dynasty, which was called the inner kiln. Later, a new official kiln was set up in the suburban altar. The glaze of Xiunisi suburban Tanguan kiln has three colours of moonlight, pink-blue and beige, with ice cracks and hidden lines like eagle claws. Cao Zhao's Gegu Lunyuan in the early Ming Dynasty said: "Official kiln wares burned by Song Xiunisi are delicate, green with pink, different shades, crab claw pattern purple iron feet, good color is similar to Ru kiln, black clay is called Wuni kiln, fake are burned by Longquan, no grain road." In addition, it is worth mentioning that in Yuanzhai Biheng, it mentions "the new kiln under the rear suburban altar", the second official kiln set up in the early Southern Song Dynasty, called "the official kiln of the suburban altar", which is also located in Hangzhou.

“襲故京遺制”移地于南方繼續生產，開始于紹興十三年，卻連續生產了一百三四十年的優質瓷，前后映輝，為中國奠下了制瓷王國的美名，千多年以來，被舉世認為宋瓷是藝術性最高的時代。它通過細致純熟的工藝，將流暢簡練的造型和精光內蘊的釉色和諧統一在一起，代表著八百年前中國瓷器生產的最高水平，也是南宋時期發達的科技文化真實的寫照。由于它產量有限，傳世甚少，從而成為中國古代瓷器中的瑰寶，聞名于世。而與南宋官窯的知名度不相適應是關于它近乎零星的史料記載，讓今人覺得撲朔迷離、莫衷一是。因此，南宋官窯的研究一直是中國古陶瓷研究中一項令人矚目的重要課題。

"Following the legacy of Beijing" moved to the south to continue production. It began in Shaoxing for 13 years, but continuously produced high-quality porcelain for 1340 years. It has created a good name for China as the kingdom of porcelain making. For thousands of years, Song porcelain has been regarded as the most artistic era in the world. Through meticulous and sophisticated craftsmanship, it harmonizes the smooth and concise shape and glaze color, represents the highest level of China's porcelain production 800 years ago, and is also a true portrayal of the developed science, technology and culture in the Southern Song Dynasty. Because of its limited output and few handed down from generation to generation, it has become a treasure of ancient Chinese porcelain and is well-known all over the world. However, the incompatibility with the popularity of the official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty is the almost sporadic historical records, which make people feel confused and inconsistent. Therefore, the study of official kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty has always been an important subject in the study of ancient Chinese ceramics.

南宋官窯瓷的釉色，主要是粉青色、依色譜的顏色分，是極淺的藍綠色，但也有以灰色綠色、黃綠色色調為主的。具有良好的乳濁性和釉層豐厚的多次釉，在質感上追求璞玉的效果。 南宋官窯瓷的胎土有黑褐色、灰褐色、灰色及紅褐色等，但以黑褐色占大多數，所謂"紫口鐵足"是由于黑胎上釉后，口部及凸棱部位釉向下流，因而造成口棱部釉薄，而顯現了胎色，這就是"紫口"。至于"鐵足"則是指圈足部份的黑鐵色了，南宋官窯的釉極厚，故便有"原釉薄胎"之說法。

The glaze color of official kiln porcelain in Southern Song Dynasty is mainly pink-blue, which is very light blue-green according to the color of chromatogram, but there are also gray-green and yellow-green tones. It has good opacity and multiple glazes with rich glaze layer, and pursues the effect of Pu-Yu in texture. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were black-brown, grey-brown, grey and reddish-brown placenta of official kiln ceramics, but most of them were black-brown. The so-called "purple iron foot" was due to the downward flow of glaze at the mouth and convex edges of the black placenta after glazing, resulting in thin glaze at the mouth edge and showing the color of the placenta, which was called "purple mouth". As for the iron foot, it refers to the black iron of the ring foot. The glaze of the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty is very thick, so there is the saying of "original glaze thin tire".

此盤造型簡潔雅致，似一盤圓月。口徑：19.2cm，底徑9.5cm，高：3.3cm，手感沉重，通體施灰青釉，圈足墊燒抹一層護胎釉成“鐵足”，符合南宋官窯晚期特征。盤體釉面厚如凝脂，潤澤如酥。放大鏡下可見汽泡如細小串珠緊密聚集，如史料“聚沫攢珠”之述，細密“冰裂紋”下如同冰糖、云母一般層層向下，多角型開片，顯白色紋路，給人一種似玉非玉勝似玉境界，美不勝收。釉層清明玉潤，有光澤感，略顯些微透明，釉層薄厚均勻。器物釉表面還帶有類似芝麻花彌漫形態的點點發白或帶黃閃藍的土沁花斑點，釉中含有瑪瑙。器物放在弱光中瑩光閃爍，煥發迷人魅力，令人回味無窮。整體高貴典雅，頗具宋代宮廷風格。

The official kiln porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty not only inherited the characteristics of the northern famous kiln, such as the porcelain of the Bi Jing Guan kiln, the porcelain kiln of Henan Ru Guan kiln, etc., but also had the characteristics of simple and simple and highly enamel, and absorbed the thin and thick glaze of the famous kiln such as Yue Kiln and Longquan kiln in the south. The combination of Northern Art and Southern Art has created a peak in the history of celadon in China. It is also a great and outstanding contribution to world culture and art. After the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty, the official kiln was destroyed, craftsmen were lost and skills were lost, so there were fewer treasures handed down from generation to generation. In recent years, the prices of Nansong official kiln pottery, which appeared in the auction market, ranged from 25 million to 200 million yuan, and the market demand trend was rising all the way.

南宋官窯瓷既繼承了北宋汴京官窯瓷、河南汝官窯瓷等北方名窯的造型端莊簡樸，釉質渾厚的特點，又吸收了南方越窯、龍泉窯等名窯的薄胎厚釉，釉面瑩沏，造型精巧之精華。北藝南技的結合，創造了我國青瓷史上的頂峰。而且對世界文化藝術方面也是一個偉大的卓越的貢獻。 南宋王朝覆滅之后，官窯被毀，工匠失散，技藝失傳，故傳世珍品較少。近年出現在拍賣市場上的南宋官窯瓷器，成交價在2500萬到2億上下不等，市場需求走勢一路上升。

The official kiln porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty not only inherited the characteristics of the northern famous kiln, such as the porcelain of the Bi Jing Guan kiln, the porcelain kiln of Henan Ru Guan kiln, etc., but also had the characteristics of simple and simple and highly enamel, and absorbed the thin and thick glaze of the famous kiln such as Yue Kiln and Longquan kiln in the south. The combination of Northern Art and Southern Art has created a peak in the history of celadon in China. It is also a great and outstanding contribution to world culture and art. After the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty, the official kiln was destroyed, craftsmen were lost and skills were lost, so there were fewer treasures handed down from generation to generation. In recent years, the prices of Nansong official kiln pottery, which appeared in the auction market, ranged from 25 million to 200 million yuan, and the market demand trend was rising all the way.

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