從站洋幣到雙旗幣，淺談錢幣背景
1866年，英國為驅逐鷹洋，在香港造幣廠鑄造發行了一套香港銀幣，一元的正面是維多利亞女王像，上下英文“VICTORIAQUEEN(維多利亞女王)”，背面中央壽字紋，旁有英文“香港一元ONE DOLLAR HONGKONG”，下為紀年。因香港銀元的成色低于鷹洋，需折扣使用，難以廣泛推廣。1868年香港造幣廠倒閉，設備轉售于日本。香港銀幣僅鑄200萬元。該幣俗成“香洋”。這便是站洋幣的前身，這期間又連續鑄造了不同版別的站洋幣，逐漸完善，并在國內流通。到了1895年，英國政府利用印度的孟買、加爾各答的造幣廠鑄造了新的貿易銀元，俗稱“站人”。
近日天翼文化有幸征集到一枚站洋幣；
此站洋幣銀元正面中央是一持戟、盾的武士，站立岸頭，傲視世界。左手持米字盾牌，右手執三叉戟，意為能攻能守，戰無不勝。上端在武士左右有英文幣值“ONE DOLLAR（一元）”，下有紀年；背面中央為壽字紋，上下為中文“壹圓”，左右為馬來文“壹圓”。其品相保存完好，包漿入骨，極具收藏價值。
“站人”銀元進入我國后，開始在廣東、廣西一帶流通，因其制作精美，含銀量高，深得商民喜愛。英國政府看到“站人”銀元在中國有利可圖，便大量鑄造，大量輸入。不久，“站人”銀元便在中國大部分地區使用，尤以北京，天津為盛。當時，在中國流通的外國貨幣中，“站人”銀元已占相當大比例，使中國白銀源源不斷的流入英國，經貿利益受到嚴重損害。“站人”銀元作為一種歷史載體，記錄了鴉片戰爭以后，中國人民政治上受壓迫，經濟上受剝削的屈辱歷史。研究在中國流通的外國貨幣，對于我們了解外國列強利用銀元貿易，掠奪中國財富的罪行，增強愛國主義精神，為中華民族的偉大復興貢獻力量，具有十分重要的意義，此錢幣為我司重點推薦，值得珍藏。
大清銅幣鑄造始于1900年，也就是清光緒二十六年，但由于各省鑄行銅元毫無節制，于是，在1905年也就是光緒三十一年，清政府在天津設立的戶部造幣總廠開始鑄造新式銅元“大清銅幣”。主要目的是為了整頓和統一幣制，試圖將鑄幣權收歸國有，加強控制。
1906年也就是光緒三十二年， 清政府處戶部又奏請朝廷， 擬將當時全國24處銅元局， 酌量歸并為九處，除臣部所設總廠外，擬以山東歸并直隸為一廠，湖南歸并湖北為一廠，江西、安徽、江蘇、清江并歸江寧一廠，浙江歸并福建為一廠， 廣西歸并廣東為一廠。合奉天、河南、 四川、云南四廠，共九處， 皆歸臣部統轄，調劑盈虛， 彼此均可勻撥。”在歸并銅元局得以順利實施的同時，又限定各省每日鑄造銅元數額，以避免重蹈濫造的覆轍。此后，清政府將戶部改稱“度支部”，命各省造幣廠改稱度支部造幣分廠，欲統而治之，鞏固中央造幣集權。
1911年(宣統三年)又推出一套新銅元， 仍稱“大清銅幣”， 計有二十文、 十文、五文和二文、一文五種，五文以上鑄有制錢和銀元互換值， 以補第一套新銅元之不足。但這一幣制改革方案，還未來得及全面實施(只有十文和一文銅元進入流通領域)，便爆發了辛亥革命，清朝滅亡。
鑄造始于1900年（清光緒二十六年），止于1911年（宣統三年），流通時間較短。因其版面設計優雅，雕刻精良，且存世量極為稀少，大清銅幣光緒年戶部造當十被譽為中國近代制幣中的十大名譽品之一。
1911-1912年初辛亥革命勝利后，清帝退位，中華民國成立，當時繼續鑄造新幣以穩定當時社會的經濟。于是便開鑄了中華民國開國紀念幣、孫中山錢幣等，而中華民國時期錢幣分三個時期，分別是初期、中期和后期。
民國初期銅元主要指民國元年（1912）至民國七年（1918）。其種類有“開國紀念幣”、“共和紀念幣”及鑄有省名的民國銅元等。這一時期新式銅元與清末舊式銅元混合流通，使銅元的混亂程度進一步惡化。
民國中期銅元主要指民國八年（1919）至民國二十四年（1935）。這一時期國內銅元的混亂局面達到頂點。地區性分割使銅地流通呈明顯的區域性，市面上流通的不僅有清代的各類銅元、民國各類銅元，個別地區還流通大面額銅元，如四川大部、湖北、河南局部地區流通五十文至二百文不等的大面額銅元，共產黨領導的革命根據地也發行有自己的銅元，日偽政權則在他們控制的地區也發行了銅元。因此，這一時期的銅元五花八門，極為混亂。
民國后期銅元主要指民國二十五年（1936）至民國三十八年（1949）。民國中期后幾年，各地軍閥逐步走向衰落，國民黨政府開始了統一幣制控制金融的進程。這一時期國民黨政府主要發行紙幣，銅元輔幣逐漸被鎳幣所代替。發行的銅元主要有黨徽布圖分幣等。解放前夕，貴州、綏遠還發行了地方銅元，但只是曇花一現。 至此，銅元走完了其短暫的歷程，逐漸退出流通領域。
近日天翼文化有幸征集到一組錢幣；
圖中中間一枚為戶部丙午年當十的大清銅幣，錢幣正面珠圈內鈐有“大清銅幣”四字，幣心凸起處能看出有一東字，乃是省的簡稱；珠圈外上環滿文，滿文左右有干支紀年“丙午”字樣，左右分列“戶部”二字，注明由此幣的發行部門；下環鑄“當制錢十文”字樣，標明其幣值， 錢幣背面中央為部頒大清龍圖案，龍身紋路精美，威風凜凜。藏品雖經歷了無窮歲月，但紋路依然清晰可見，也見證了其歷史的積淀，具有非常明顯的歷史過渡性特征，有著難以言喻的價值。
圖中左側為戶部巳酉年度支部川版的大清銅幣，錢幣正面珠圈內鈐有“大清銅幣”四字，幣心凸起處依稀能看出有一川字，乃是四川省的簡稱；珠圈外上環滿文，滿文左右有干支紀年“巳酉”字樣，左右分列“度支部”二字，注明由此幣的發行部門；錢幣下鈐有幣值當制錢十文”字樣。 中央為大清龍圖案，神龍威武，遒勁有力，皇族尊貴氣息一覽無余。錢幣背面上環“光緒年造”字樣，左右下環英文，表現出了當時的國際政治、經濟、文化的交融，極具歷史意義。
圖中右側為一枚中華銅幣當制錢二十文雙旗幣，正面珠圈內鈐有稻穗組成嘉禾紋圍繞著十二葉花，中間鈐有二十文字樣，背面中間珠圈內鐫有五色旗和十八星旗，珠圈上環鐫有中華銅幣，經過如此之長時間的洗練和顛肺流離，整體包漿完美，品相完整無缺，極其不易，乃屬珍品。
銅幣在我國發行流通前后不過半個世紀的時間，在我國貨幣的歷史長河中僅是十分短暫的一瞬間，但中國銅元見證了中國從封建社會演化為半封建半殖民地社會的歷史過程，是我國近代貨幣史和錢幣學的重要組成部分，獨具歷史意義。此枚藏品設計精美，做工精細，布局合理，層次鮮明，工藝純熟精湛，錢幣雖小，卻也能反應當時社會文化的特征。
通過此組錢幣的研究了解，可放映出我國近代歷史、經濟、金融的興衰和滄桑，而且錢幣存世量極其稀少，在目前市場上尤其珍貴，材質和藝術價值高，由貴重金屬或白銀合金鑄造，制作精美，圖案考究，文字清秀，內容豐富，其貌可人，是集收藏與投資于一身的難能可貴的精品！在整體保持穩定持續攀升趨勢的錢幣市場上，具有一定的保值和升值功能。
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Understand the history of modern coin development from station foreign coin to double flag coin
In 1866, in order to drive out the yingyang, Britain minted and issued a set of HONGKONG silver COINS in the HONGKONG mint. The front of one yuan was a picture of queen Victoria with the English word "queen Victoria" on the front and the Chinese word "queen Victoria" on the back.Because the quality of Hong Kong silver dollar is lower than yingyang, need discount use, it is difficult to widely promote.The Hong Kong mint closed in 1868 and the equipment was resold in Japan.Hong Kong silver COINS were minted for only 2 million yuan.This coin is commonly known as "fragrant foreign currency".This is the station currency predecessor, during this period and continuous casting of different editions of the station currency, gradually perfect, and in domestic circulation.In 1895, the British government used the mints of Bombay and kolkata in India to mint new trade silver dollars, commonly known as "standers".
Recently, tianyi culture was lucky to collect a station foreign currency;
This station silver dollar front center is a halberd, shield warrior, standing on the shore head, proud of the world.In his left hand he holds the meter shield, and in his right hand he holds the trident.At the top of the warriors around the English currency "ONE DOLLAR", under the ji nian;On the back of the central character for longevity, up and down for the Chinese "one round", left and right for the Malay "one round".The product phase is well preserved, the patina into the bone, extremely valuable for collection.
After entering our country, "stanren" silver dollar began to circulate in guangdong and guangxi. Because of its exquisite production and high silver content, it was deeply loved by merchants and people.The British government saw that "standing man" silver dollars were profitable in China, so it minted and imported a lot.Before long, "standing people" silver COINS were used in most parts of China, especially in Beijing and tianjin.At that time, in China's circulation of foreign currency, "people" silver dollar has accounted for a large proportion, making China's silver flow into Britain, the economic and trade interests suffered serious damage.As a kind of historical carrier, "standing people" silver dollar records the humiliating history of Chinese people being oppressed politically and exploited economically after the opium war.The study of foreign currency in circulation in China is of great significance to our understanding of the crimes of foreign powers using silver dollar trade, plundering Chinese wealth, enhancing patriotism and contributing to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Qing copper coin casting began in 1900, which was the 26th year of guangxu reign of the qing dynasty. However, due to the unrestrained use of copper COINS by the casting Banks in various provinces, the general coining factory of the ministry of household established by the qing government in tianjin in 1905, the 31st year of guangxu reign, began to cast new copper COINS.The main purpose is to rectify and unify the currency system, trying to nationalize the minting right and strengthen the control.
In 1906, that is, the thirty-second year of guangxu qing government in fact play again please the court, copper coin bureau will 24 in the country, whether incorporated into nine, except I department set up factory in shandong merge zhili province as a factory, hunan merge hubei as a factory, jiangxi, anhui, jiangsu, qingjiang and jiangning factory, zhejiang merge fujian as a factory, guangxi merge into a factory in guangdong.He fengtian, henan, sichuan, yunnan four factories, a total of nine, are under the jurisdiction of the ministry, adjust surplus and deficiency, each other can be evenly distributed.In addition to the successful implementation of the amalgamation of the copper yuan bureau, it also limited the amount of copper yuan minted in each province every day, so as to avoid repeating the mis-making.After that, the qing government will be renamed "department branch", ordered the provinces to change the name of the mint branch coinage branch factory, to unify and govern, consolidate the central coinage centralization.
In 1911 (the third year of xuantong), a new set of copper yuan was introduced, which was still called "qing copper COINS". There were five kinds of copper COINS, including 20 COINS, 10 COINS, 5 COINS and 2 COINS.However, before the reform of the currency system was fully implemented (only ten articles and one copper dollar entered circulation), the revolution of 1911 broke out and the qing dynasty fell.
Casting began in 1900 (the twenty-sixth year of guangxu reign of the qing dynasty) and ended in 1911 (the third year of xuantong reign).Due to its elegant layout, excellent carving, and extremely rare quantity in the world, the guangxu year household department of the qing dynasty copper COINS was named as one of the top ten famous COINS in modern China.
After the victory of the 1911 revolution in early 1912, the qing emperor abdicated the throne and the republic of China was established.Then opened the founding COINS of the republic of China, sun yat-sen COINS, and so on, and the republic of China period COINS in three periods, respectively is the early, middle and late.
Early republic of China copper yuan mainly refers to the first year of the republic of China (1912) to the seventh year of the republic of China (1918).Its types include "founding COINS", "republic COINS" and copper COINS of the republic of China with provincial names.During this period, the mixed circulation of new copper yuan and old copper yuan in late qing dynasty further aggravated the chaos of copper yuan.
The middle period of the republic of China refers to the period from the eighth year of the republic of China (1919) to the 24th year of the republic of China (1935).During this period, the chaos of the domestic copper yuan reached its climax.Regional division of the copper land circulation is obviously regional, circulate on the market not only has all kinds of copper coin in the qing dynasty, the republic of China, all kinds of copper coin, individual regions also circulation large amount of copper coin, as most of sichuan, hubei, henan local circulation fifty to two hundred, the large amount of copper coin, the revolutionary base areas and the leadership of the communist party issued a copper coin, puppet army regime is also released copper coin in areas they control.As a result, the copper COINS of this period were very diverse and chaotic.
The latter period of the republic of China mainly refers to the 25 years of the republic of China (1936) to the 38 years of the republic of China (1949).In the middle and later years of the republic of China, warlords around the country gradually declined, the kuomintang government began to unify the currency system to control the process of finance.During this period, the kuomintang government mainly issued paper money, and copper COINS were gradually replaced by nickels.The copper COINS issued mainly include the party emblem layout cents and so on.Before liberation, guizhou, suiyuan also issued local copper yuan, but only a flash in the pan.At this point, the copper yuan finished its short course and gradually withdrew from circulation.
Recently, tianyi culture was lucky to collect a group of COINS;
In the middle of the picture, there is a big clear copper coin in the year of the third noon of the hubu, with the four words "big clear copper coin" inscribed inside the bead circle on the front of the coin, and the east character can be seen on the raised part of the coin center, which is the abbreviation of the province.The outer ring of the pearl ring manchu, manwen around the dry zhi ji year "three noon" words, around the division of "ministry" two words, indicating the issuing department of this coin;The lower ring is cast "ten words when making money", indicating the value of the coin, the back of the central ministry issued dragon patterns, dragon body fine lines, majestic.Although the collection has gone through endless years, the lines are still clearly visible and witness the accumulation of its history. It has a very obvious transitional feature of history and is of indescribable value.
On the left side of the picture is the qing dynasty copper coin in sichuan edition of the si you annual branch of the ministry of household. It is inscribed with "qing dynasty copper coin" on the front of the bead circle.The outer ring of the pearl ring manwen, manwen around a dry branch ji year "si you" words, around the division of "degree branch" two words, indicating the issuance of this currency department;Under the money, it shall have the words "the price shall be ten words".The central dragon design for the big qing dynasty, the dragon power, the powerful, the royal noble breath glance.On the back of the coin ring "guangxu nian made" words, left and right under the ring of English, showing the integration of international politics, economy, culture, extremely historical significance.
Right for a Chinese coin when ZhiQian twenty flag double coin, positive bead ring bells with spikes of golden harvest grain around 12 which, eagle has twenty words among samples, the back bead circle among engrave has five-color flag and 18 flag, pearl ring ring engrave the coppers, after so long time washs practice and dian lung displacement, the overall wrapped slurry, perfect appearance intact, very not easy, but treasures.
Copper issue currency in our country before and after half a century, however, in the long history of China's currency is just a very brief moment, but China's copper coin witnessed the evolution from the Chinese feudal society for the history process of the semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, is our country modern monetary history and an important part of numismatics, unique historical significance.This piece is exquisite in design, exquisite in workmanship, reasonable in layout, distinct in layering and exquisite in craftsmanship. Although the coin is small, it can reflect the social and cultural characteristics of the time.
Understanding, through the study of this set of COINS can be screened out the rise and fall of China's modern history, economic, financial and vicissitudes of life, but only a coin is extremely scarce, especially rare on the market at present, the material and high artistic value, made of precious metal or silver alloy casting, beautifully made, design elegant, handsome, rich in content, its appearance but person, is a collection and investment in one of the valuable high-quality goods!In the overall stable trend of continuous upward trend of the currency market, with a certain value and appreciation function.
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