藏品名稱：汝窯瓷
Collection Name: Ru Kiln Porcelain
藏品規格：重量：226.6g 口徑：10.39cm 底徑：8.5cm 高：4cm
Collection Specification: Weight: 226.6g Diameter: 10.39cm Bottom Diameter: 8.5cm High: 4cm
藏品簡介： 汝窯，五大名窯之一，因產于汝州而得名，窯址在今河南省寶豐縣大營鎮清涼寺村，汝瓷位居宋代"汝、官、哥、鈞、定"五大名窯之首，在中國陶瓷史上素有"汝窯為魁"之稱。汝窯中華傳統制瓷著名工藝之一，中國北宋時期主要代表瓷器。汝瓷造型古樸大方，以名貴瑪瑙為釉，色澤獨特，有"瑪瑙為釉古相傳"的贊譽。隨光變幻，觀其釉色，猶如"雨過天晴云破處"，"千峰碧波翠色來"之美妙，土質細潤，坯體如侗體其釉厚而聲如磬，明亮而不刺目。器表呈蟬翼紋細小開片，有"梨皮、蟹爪、芝麻花"之特點，被世人稱為"似玉、非玉、而勝玉"。宋、元、明、清以來，宮廷汝瓷用器，內庫所藏，視若珍寶、與商彝周鼎比貴。1952年，周恩來總理指示"發展祖國文化遺產、恢復汝窯生產"。經過上百次實驗和研究，1958年燒制出第一批豆綠釉工藝品，1983年8月汝窯天藍釉經過專家鑒定，均達到和超過宋代汝窯水平。從此，汝瓷成了汝州市人的一張名片。
Collection: Ru kiln, one of the five famous kilns, is named for its origin in Ruzhou. The kiln site is Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County, Henan Province. Ru porcelain ranks first among the five famous kilns of Song Dynasty: Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun and Ding. It is known as "Ru kiln is the leader" in the history of Chinese ceramics. Ru kiln is one of the most famous traditional Chinese ceramic crafts. It mainly represented the porcelain in the Northern Song Dynasty. Ru Porcelain is simple and generous in shape, with precious agate as its glaze and unique in color. It has the praise of "agate as glaze handed down from ancient times". With the change of light, the glaze color is like "the rain breaks through the sky, the clouds break down", "Qianfeng Bibo emerald" is beautiful, the soil is fine, the body is like the Dong body whose glaze is thick and loud, bright and not dazzling. It has the characteristics of "pear skin, crab claw, sesame flower" and is called "like jade, non-jade, but winning jade" by the world. Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial porcelain for Ru has been treasured in the inner storehouse, which is more valuable than the Shang, Yi and Zhou dynasties. In 1952, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed "to develop the cultural heritage of the motherland and restore the production of Ru kiln". After hundreds of experiments and studies, the first batch of bean-green glaze crafts were fired in 1958. In August 1983, the sky-blue glaze of Ru kiln reached and surpassed the level of Ru kiln in Song Dynasty. Since then, Ru Porcelain has become a business card of Ruzhou people.
汝瓷觀其釉色，猶如“雨過天晴云破處”，“千峰碧波翠色來”之美妙，土質細潤，坯體如侗體其釉厚而聲如磬，明亮而不刺目。器表呈蟬翼紋細小開片，有“梨皮、蟹爪、芝麻花”之特點，被世人稱為“似玉、非玉、而勝玉”。宋、元、明、清以來，宮廷汝瓷用器，內庫所藏，視若珍寶、與商彝周鼎比貴。
The glaze color of Ru Porcelain is like that of "Rain over the sky, clear clouds and broken places", "Qianfeng Bibo emerald" with delicate soil. The glaze of body like Dong body is thick and loud, bright but not dazzling. It has the characteristics of "pear skin, crab claw, sesame flower" and is called "like jade, non-jade, but winning jade" by the world. Since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial porcelain for Ru has been treasured in the inner storehouse, which is more valuable than the Shang, Yi and Zhou dynasties.
汝窯瓷器造型有盤、碗、瓶、洗、尊、盞托、水仙盆等。其中瓶的變化較為豐富，有紙槌瓶、玉壺春瓶、膽瓶等多種。汝窯器有瓶、尊、盞托、碗、盤、洗、奩、水仙盆等日用器，少數還有堆花、印花等裝飾，底部更有青花年號款，多是用刀筆刻畫，和印花、模印等工藝。
Ru kiln porcelains have dishes, bowls, bottles, washes, respects, calendula, Narcissus basins and so on. There are many kinds of bottles, such as paper mallet bottle, jade spring bottle, gallbladder bottle and so on. Ru kiln utensils have vases, respect, calendula, bowls, dishes, washing, dimples, Narcissus basins and other daily appliances. A few of them are also decorated with piles of flowers, prints and other decorations. At the bottom, there are more blue and white year models. They are mostly depicted with knives and pens, and printing, impression and other processes.
汝窯瓷器胎均為灰白色，深淺有別，都與燃燒后的香灰相似，故俗稱“香灰胎”這是鑒定汝窯瓷器的要點之一。汝窯瓷釉基本色調是一種淡淡的天青色，俗稱“鴨蛋殼青色”，釉層不厚，隨造型的轉折變化，呈現濃淡深淺的層次變化。釉面開裂紋片，多為錯落有致的極細紋片，俗稱為“蟬翼紋”。汝瓷胎質細膩，胎土中含有微量銅，迎光照看，微見紅色，胎色灰中略帶著黃色，俗稱“香灰胎”，多見汝州蟒川嚴和店、大峪東溝，汝州文廟、清涼寺等窯址；汝州張公巷汝窯器，胎呈灰白色，比其他窯口的胎色稍白，是北宋官窯的主要特征。汝瓷為宮廷壟斷，制器不計成本，以瑪瑙入釉，釉色呈天青、粉青、天藍色較多，也有豆綠、青綠、月白、桔皮紋等釉色，釉面滋潤柔和，純凈如玉，有明顯酥油感覺，釉稍透亮，多呈乳濁或結晶狀。汝州張公巷汝瓷，釉呈天青、粉青，釉色滋潤，手感如玉。有青如天 、面如玉、晨星稀的典型特征。
Ru kiln pottery tires are gray-white, different in depth and shade, and are similar to the burned aromatic ash, so commonly known as "aromatic ash tire" is one of the key points in identifying Ru kiln pottery. The basic tone of Ru kiln glaze is a kind of light azure, commonly known as "duck eggshell blue". The glaze layer is not thick. With the change of shape, the glaze changes in depth and depth. Glaze cracking patches are mostly extremely fine patches, commonly known as "cicada wing patches". Ru porcelains have exquisite texture and contain trace copper in the earth. When exposed to sunlight, they are slightly red and slightly yellow, commonly known as "aromatic grey tires". They are often found in Yanhedian, Dayu Donggou, Ruzhou Wenmiao and Qingliangsi kiln sites. Ru kilns in Zhanggong Lane, Ruzhou have gray-white tires, whiter than those at other kiln entrances, and are in the north. The main characteristics of Song Guanyao. Ru Porcelain is a palace monopoly. The glaze is azure, pink-blue and sky-blue. There are also glaze colors of bean green, green, moonwhite and orange peel. The glaze is moist and soft, pure as jade, and has a distinct butter feeling. The glaze is slightly transparent, mostly opaque or crystalline. Ru Porcelain in Zhanggong Lane, Ruzhou, has azure and pink-blue glaze, moist glaze color and jade-like feel. It has the typical characteristics of blue sky, jade face and sparse morning stars.
汝窯以傳承藝術為己任，采用傳統手工制作陶瓷方法，制作一個陶瓷的工序高達十三道，包括淘泥、摞泥、拉坯、印坯、修坯、捺水、畫坯、上釉、燒窯、成瓷、成瓷缺陷的修補，做工精細，設計唯美、承藝汝瓷以“釉色層”領先，器型古樸典雅得當，光潤有度，由于汝瓷釉層厚，常有開片如魚鱗、蟬翼狀，久用之后茶色會著附于裂紋處，形成不規則的變換交錯的花紋，故而手感潤滑如脂，似玉非玉之美。
Ru kiln takes inheritance of art as its duty, adopts traditional handmade method to make ceramics. The process of making a ceramics is as high as 13 ways, including washing mud, laying mud, drawing billet, printing billet, repairing billet, rubbing water, painting billet, glazing, firing kiln, ceramics, repairing defects of ceramics, fine workmanship, beautiful design and "glaze layer" of Chengyi Ru ceramics. Leading, simple and elegant, light and lustre, because Ru porcelain glaze layer is thick, often open like fish scales, cicada wings, after a long time, the Brown will adhere to cracks, forming irregular alternating patterns, so feel lubricated like grease, like the beauty of jade and non-jade.
北宋滅完后，汝窯也隨之消亡，其前后也才開窯二十年。南宋時汝窯瓷器已經非常稀有。何況流傳到今天其真品已不多。汝窯瓷器之所以如此珍貴，是因為汝窯瓷器在當時只有二十年的開窯時間，存世量少，到現代只有在各大博物館典藏。因此汝窯瓷器在市場上的流通性微乎其微。
After the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Ru Kiln also disappeared, and it was only 20 years before and after the kiln was opened. Ru Kiln Porcelain was very rare in Southern Song Dynasty. What's more, there are not many authentic products that have been circulated today. The reason why Ru kiln porcelain was so precious was that Ru kiln porcelain had only been opened for 20 years at that time, and had only been stored in major museums in modern times. Therefore, the circulation of Ru kiln porcelain in the market is negligible.
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