藏品名稱：乾隆孝粉玉碗
Collection Name: Qianlong Xiaopin Jade Bowl
藏品規格：重量：205.2g 口徑：10.2cm 高：5.3cm 底徑：5cm
Collection Specification: Weight: 205.2g Diameter: 10.2cm High: 5.3cm Bottom Diameter: 5cm
藏品簡介：乾隆孝粉玉碗是指乾隆年間的一種玉碗，它的底部刻著篆字，上書"乾隆年制"，后有有人誤念成"乾隆孝粉"，因名字通俗易解而被流傳。明清玉器千姿百態，造型各異。清代玉工善于借鑒繪畫、雕刻、工藝美術的成就，集陰線、陽線、鏤空、俏色等多種傳統做工及歷代的藝術風格之大成，又吸收了外來藝術影響并加以糅合變通，創造并發展了工藝性、裝飾性極強的治玉工藝，有著鮮明的時代特點和較高的藝術造詣。明清時期玉器與社會文化生活的關系日臻密切，爐、薰、瓶、鼎、簋等仿古造型的玉器層出不窮。玉質的茶酒具非常盛行。文人在書齋作畫、書寫，往往也用玉來做筆洗、水注、筆筒、墨床、鎮紙、臂擱等文具，或以玉器裝飾陳設。由于玉材的不同，琢玉工具和琢玉技巧的不同，加上審美情趣和風俗習慣的不同，每個時期玉器的造型及主題風格也是千姿百態各具特色。乾隆皇帝是我國古代最愛玉的帝王。歷史上再沒有哪位帝王，象乾隆帝那樣，對玉器的認識和研究投入如此大的精力。他愛玉、藏玉、甚至在玉器制作上親力親為。他在位期間是清宮收藏古玉最多的時期，據說乾隆皇帝詠玉的詩文就有800首之多。他有17個兒子，除第16子早殤未命名外，其余諸子取名均與玉器有關，皇帝希望以這樣的方式讓玉之福祉潤澤其后代。乾隆皇帝對玉的癡迷，促使"乾隆玉"成為18世紀中國玉的代名詞，乾隆玉也成為中國古代玉器發展進程中最耀眼的明珠。乾隆孝粉玉碗乃是乾隆皇帝他母親當時生病,經過御醫治療研發中藥必須配合玉器使用才能達到最佳療效。為此乾隆皇帝連夜命令工匠趕制出玉碗-玉蝶-玉杯-玉瓶等。后期被后人譽為"乾隆孝粉"曾在2012香港佳士得國際拍賣春拍一個有少許破損的"漢白玉碗"以30萬起拍的,后經眾多收藏家瘋狂爭取,最終以115萬定錘成交。有破損的"漢白玉刻花纏枝紋碗"已經如此受歡迎了,可見漢白玉碗的魅力之大,價值之高"乾隆孝粉"玉碗，碗的內外部有花紋，其材質十分精美，用燈光打照，整體十分通透，有玉質光感，一般來說，主要是上等和田白玉，是宮廷御用之物，極少流落民間。另外，"乾隆孝粉"(實際是"乾隆年制")主要是玉碗，幾乎沒有其他造型。"乾隆孝粉"因選用上等白玉制成，暗刻花紋，工藝十分復雜，就算在宮廷也是稀有之物。
Collection Description: Qianlong Xiaopin Jade Bowl refers to a kind of Jade Bowl in the Qianlong Period. Its bottom is engraved with seal letters. It was written in the book "Qianlong Annual System". Some people mispronounced it as "Qianlong Xiaopin". Its name is popular and easy to understand. Jades of Ming and Qing dynasties have various shapes and shapes. Jade workers in Qing Dynasty are good at drawing lessons from the achievements of painting, sculpture and arts and crafts. They gather the achievements of many traditional craftsmanship such as Yin Line, Yang Line, Hollow-out and Beautiful Colors and the artistic styles of past dynasties. They also absorb the influence of foreign art and make adaptations to them. They have created and developed jade-curing crafts with strong craftsmanship and decoration, which have a distinct era. Characteristic and high artistic attainment. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the relationship between jades and social and cultural life was getting closer and closer. Ancient-style jades such as stoves, fumigants, bottles, tripods and pans emerged in endlessly. Jade tea sets are very popular. Literati painting and writing in their study often use jade as stationery such as brush wash, water injection, penholder, ink bed, paperweight, arm shelf, or decorative display. Because of the differences in jade materials, tools and techniques, as well as the differences in aesthetic taste and customs, the shapes and thematic styles of jade articles in each period are different. Emperor Qianlong was the most jade-loving emperor in ancient China. No other emperor in history devoted so much energy to the understanding and research of jade articles as Emperor Qianlong did. He loved jade, Tibetan jade and even personally made jade articles. During his reign, the Qing Palace had the largest collection of ancient jade. It is said that there were 800 poems and essays chanting jade by Emperor Qianlong. He had 17 sons. Except for the sixteenth son, whose name had not yet been named, all the other sons were related to jade. The emperor hoped that in this way the well-being of jade would enrich his descendants. Emperor Qianlong's obsession with jade made "Qianlong Jade" become the pronoun of Chinese Jade in the 18th century, and Qianlong Jade also became the most dazzling pearl in the development process of Chinese ancient jades. Qianlong Xiaopin Jade Bowl was Emperor Qianlong and his mother was sick at that time. After the treatment of imperial medicine, the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine must cooperate with the use of jade to achieve the best curative effect. For this reason, Emperor Qianlong ordered craftsmen to make jade bowls, butterflies, cups and bottles overnight. Later, known as "Qianlong Filial Piety Powder" by later generations, a slightly damaged "Han Baiyu Bowl" was auctioned at Christie's International Auction in Hong Kong in the spring of 2012 for 300,000. After frantic struggle by many collectors, the deal was finalized with 115,000. The broken "Hanbaiyu carved bowl with twisted patterns" has been so popular. It can be seen that the charm of the Hanbaiyu bowl is great and the value of the "Qianlong filial piety powder" jade bowl is high. The inside and outside of the bowl have patterns. Its material is very exquisite. It is illuminated by lights. The whole bowl is very transparent and has a sense of jade light. Generally speaking, it is mainly the top-grade Hetian Baiyu, which is the palace. Royal objects seldom drift among the people. In addition, "Qianlong filial piety powder" (actually "Qianlong annual system") is mainly a jade bowl, almost no other shape. "Qianlong Filial Piety Powder" is made of high-grade white jade, with hidden patterns and complicated technology. Even in the court, it is a rare thing.
乾隆時期的玉器以它精湛的工藝博得世人的喝彩，在雕琢技法上堪稱一流。“乾隆玉器”之所以在各大拍場上屢創高價，有其獨特歷史環境的因素。乾隆時期政治局面的穩定，國力昌盛，財富的空前積累為奢侈享受提供了充足條件，精美藝術品受到皇室貴族的垂愛。
Jade wares of Qianlong period won the world's applause for their exquisite craftsmanship, which is the first-class in carving techniques. Qianlong Jade Ware has its unique historical environment because of its high price in every big battlefield. During the Qianlong period, the political situation was stable, the national strength was prosperous, and the unprecedented accumulation of wealth provided sufficient conditions for luxury enjoyment. The fine works of art were loved by the Royal nobles.
清乾隆玉器之所以深受市場熱捧是有歷史根源的，在各種古玉里，乾隆玉器的質量是很高的。乾隆時期，清軍在西域大舉用兵，重又打通了絲綢之路，使新疆和田玉料大量運進內地，促進了內地玉雕技術和工藝迅速發展，乾隆時期也成為我國古代玉器史上最昌盛時代。在拍賣市場中，乾隆宮廷玉器尤其是白玉拍品表現非常火爆。
The reason why Qianlong Jade Wares in Qing Dynasty were popular in the market is historical. In all kinds of ancient Jades, the quality of Qianlong Jade Wares is very high. During the Qianlong period, the Qing army used a large number of troops in the Western Regions and reopened the Silk Road, which brought large quantities of Hetian jade materials into the Mainland of Xinjiang, and promoted the rapid development of jade carving technology and technology in the Mainland. The Qianlong period also became the most prosperous period in the history of ancient Chinese jades. In the auction market, Qianlong Palace jades, especially white jades, are very popular.
這種優質原料進行雕刻的藝術創作，也已經有2000多年的歷史了。正因為乾隆時期的玉石文化盛行之分，使得這時期的制造雕刻技術也達到爐火純青的地步。當前乾隆時期漢白玉堪稱漢白玉市場上的一大霸主，相對于其他時代的而言，乾隆時期的漢白玉“天價”頻出，可見在收藏家心目中有著不可替代的地位，值得收藏。
This kind of high-quality raw material for sculpture has a history of more than 2000 years. It is precisely because of the prevailing of jade culture in the Qianlong period that the manufacturing and sculpture technology in this period reached the stage of pure fire. At present, Han Baiyu in the Qianlong period can be regarded as a big hegemony in the market of Han Baiyu. Compared with other times, the "sky price" of Han Baiyu in the Qianlong period is frequent, which shows that it has an irreplaceable position in the minds of collectors and is worth collecting.
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