青花將軍罐
General Blue and White Cans
由于將軍罐的造型受人喜愛,因此不論是官窯還是民窯都大量地燒造,特別是民窯的制造,從內容到形式都是以老百姓喜聞樂見的題材為主,有戲曲人物、神話故事,蓮子罐、瓜罐、冰梅罐、竹節蓋罐,罐身繪翠竹紋,除青花外,還有白釉綠彩。鼓式蓋罐、獅鈕蓋罐、粥罐,為康熙朝創新式樣,尺寸不是很大,形體矮而圓,底部無釉露胎,肩部有對稱雙圓孔,穿有銅環,便于提用。罐蓋分圓頂和平頂兩種,前者多置寶珠形鈕,后者無鈕。
As the shape of the general pot is popular, both official and folk kilns are burned in large quantities, especially the folk kiln. From content to form, the main theme is popular with the common people. There are opera characters, myths, lotus pots, melon pots, ice plum pots, bamboo cover pots, the body of the pot is painted with green bamboo patterns, as well as white glaze. Green color. Drum-type lid pot, lion button lid pot, porridge pot, innovative style for the Kangxi Dynasty, the size is not very large, short and round, no glaze at the bottom of the exposed tire, symmetrical double round holes in the shoulder, wearing copper rings, easy to use. There are two kinds of cans: dome and flat roof. The former has many jewel buttons, and the latter has no buttons.
青花瓷又稱白地青花瓷,常簡稱青花,中華陶瓷燒制工藝的珍品。是中國瓷器的主流品種之一,成熟的青花瓷出現在元代的景德鎮。元青花瓷的胎由于采用了"瓷石+高嶺土"的二元配方,燒成溫度提高,焙燒過程中的變形率減少。多數器物的胎體也因此厚重,造型厚實飽滿。胎色略帶灰、黃,胎質疏松。底釉分青白和卵白兩種,乳濁感強。明清時期是青花瓷器達到鼎盛又走向衰落的時期。明永樂、宣德時期是青花瓷器發展的一個高峰,以制作精美著稱;清康熙時以"五彩青花"使青花瓷發展到了巔峰;清乾隆以后因粉彩瓷的發展而逐漸走向衰退,雖在清末(光緒)時一度中興,最終無法延續康熙朝的盛勢。
Blue-and-white porcelain, also known as white ground blue-and-white porcelain, is often referred to as blue-and-white, a treasure of the firing process of Chinese ceramics. As one of the mainstream varieties of Chinese porcelain, mature blue and white porcelain appeared in Jingdezhen of Yuan Dynasty. Because of the binary formula of "porcelain stone + kaolin", the baking temperature of Yuanqing blue and white porcelain increased and the deformation rate decreased during baking. Most utensils have a thick body and full shape. The color of the fetus is slightly gray and yellow, and the quality of the fetus is loose. The bottom glaze is divided into blue and white glaze and egg white glaze with strong opacity. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the period when blue and white porcelain reached its peak and declined. The period of Yongle and Xuande in Ming Dynasty was a peak of the development of blue-and-white porcelain, famous for its exquisite craftsmanship; the period of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty was the peak of the development of blue-and-white porcelain with "five-coloured blue-and-white flowers"; after Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, it gradually declined because of the development of pink-coloured porcelain, although it was once prosperous in the late Qing Dynasty (Guangxu), it could not continue the prosperity of
瓷器是中國古代的偉大發明之一,高級瓷器擁有遠高于一般瓷器的制作工藝難度,因此在古代皇室中也不乏精美瓷器的收藏。作為古代中國特產的奢侈品之一,瓷器通過各種貿易渠道傳到世界上各個國家,大量精美的古代瓷器作為具有收藏價值的古董被全球收藏家所收藏。
Porcelain is one of the great inventions in ancient China. High-grade porcelain is much more difficult to make than ordinary porcelain. Therefore, there are many fine porcelain collections in ancient royal families. As one of the luxury goods with Chinese characteristics in ancient times, porcelains are transmitted to various countries in the world through various trade channels. A large number of exquisite ancient porcelains are collected by collectors all over the world as antiques with collecting value.
將軍罐器型流行于明嘉靖、萬歷時期,因器型高大挺拔、豐碩俊美,器物外壁又可用青花、五彩等多種手法裝飾,故逐漸被人們當作擺置觀賞的陳設器。在清代至民國,它甚至是大戶人家婚禮嫁妝必備之常物。明末的將軍罐,器型較為矮拙。到清順治時期基本定型,康熙年間開始廣為流行,其中青花將軍罐更是康熙青花瓷中的翹楚作,其器形碩大且青花工藝能夠得到充分表現。雖然各時期器型略有變化,但都以大氣、宏偉為主要特征,擺設起來非常有氣勢。
General pot type was popular in Jiajing and Wanli periods of Ming Dynasty. Because of its tall and upright shape, rich and handsome, and its outer walls could be decorated with blue and white, colorful and other means, it was gradually regarded as an ornamental display. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it was even a necessary part of the wedding dowry of large families. The general pot in the late Ming Dynasty was rather short and clumsy. By the time of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the basic stereotype had been established and became popular in Kangxi. Among them, the blue and white general pot was the best one in Kangxi blue and white porcelain. Its shape was huge and the blue and white craft could be fully displayed. Although the types of instruments changed slightly in each period, they were mainly characterized by atmosphere and grandeur, and were set up with great momentum.
此件藏品其蓋頗似將軍的頭盔,故而得名。將軍罐始見于明嘉靖、萬歷年間,至清順治之氣基本定型,盛行于康熙朝。康熙時期,是將軍罐廣為流行的時期,這時的造型,將渾圓的罐體展肩提腹,拉長頸部,收緊圈足,使得將軍罐的造型顯得挺拔向上,氣魄宏偉。常說的版本有兩種,一是將軍罐為古代皇帝獎賞給戰場上有功的將士,這將軍罐是古代軍人至高無上的榮譽;二是將軍罐為專供將軍級人物使用的一種瓷器,古代的將軍家里都用這種瓷器來裝東西。
This collection is named for its cover which resembles a general's helmet. General pot was first seen in Jiajing and Wanli dynasties of Ming Dynasty, and the spirit of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty was basically finalized and prevailed in Kangxi Dynasty. Kangxi period is the period when the military cans were widely popular. At this time, the shape of the round cans was stretched shoulder and abdomen, elongated neck and tightened circle foot, making the general cans appear upright and magnificent. There are two versions, one is that the general pot rewarded the ancient emperor to the soldiers who were successful in the battlefield, which is the supreme honor of the ancient soldiers; the other is that the general pot is a kind of porcelain for the use of generals, which was used in the ancient generals'homes to fill things.
將軍罐大部分都是單個,或者是成對出現,每個罐子的身上都帶有精美的紋飾,讓人驚嘆。例如:青花將軍罐就多以纏枝牡丹、海水龍紋、人物故事,纏枝蓮紋等。由其是‘’青花將軍罐‘’都具有極高的藝術價值,成為藏市的一匹“黑馬”。除此之外,因為將軍罐的體積大小不同,對于收藏來講也是別有樂趣。
Most of the cans are single or paired, each with a beautiful decoration on its body, which is amazing. For example: General Blue and White cans are mostly twisted peony, seawater dragon pattern, character story, twined lotus pattern and so on. Because of its high artistic value,'General Blue and White Cans'has become a "black horse" in Tibet. In addition, because the size of the general jar is different, it is also very interesting to collect.
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