明清瓷器介紹之青花喜字罐
明、清時期是中國瓷器生產最鼎盛時期，瓷器生產的數量和質量都達到了高峰。景德鎮(zhèn)作為“瓷都”的確立，使景德鎮(zhèn)窯統治明清兩代瓷壇長達數百年，直至今日。當時，各種顏色釉瓷和彩繪瓷是景德鎮(zhèn)制瓷水平的突出代表。特點是彩瓷得到巨大的發(fā)展，器物造形型，紋飾繁多而精美。彩秞品種豐富多彩，“其彩色，則霽紅、礬紅、霽青、粉青、冬青、紫綠、金、銀、漆黑、雜彩，隨意而施。”
明朝時期的瓷器其特點是造型豐滿、渾厚、古樸，器型線條柔和、圓潤。胎體較為立體，如瓶、尊、盤、碗等，都較厚重，瓷器露胎處(底足、器口等)多有火石紅痕跡的現象。釉面最大特點，為釉質肥厚、滋潤，青花品種除成化、弘治、正德三朝少數器物釉面潔白外，其余皆為青白色，俗稱“亮青釉”。這種白中閃青釉面貫穿于整個明代的始末。器口及足邊微有垂釉痕跡。在紋飾方面多為寫意，各種豬咀龍，三、四、五爪的。明代瓷器早期暈散，中期漂亮，晚期發(fā)灰、暗淡。永樂年間，宣德瓷器的里子很規(guī)矩，俗稱“凈里”，而其他時期的盤、碗類，內壁欠平整，有凹凸不平之感。琢器的腹部有多至兩層的銜接痕跡。弘治以前注重修胎，接痕不大明顯，正德以后，到嘉靖、隆慶、萬歷及明末各朝，胎體接痕特別顯露，民窯器尤甚。而在款識這一塊也是在永樂以后才開始在官窯器物上書寫本朝年號款，而民窯則是以圖、吉祥語、私家人名做款識。
清代瓷器的造型，順治、康熙時時期，古拙、豐滿、渾厚，雍正時期是秀巧雋永，乾隆時則顯規(guī)整，嘉慶、道光以后則稚拙笨重。胎體，一般薄厚適中。康熙時，胎體體重，質地堅硬細密。雍正時有胎質輕薄、細潤，潔白度高。道光以后的胎體厚笨、質地粗松。清代的琢器類腹、頸部接痕極為少見。明代瓷器露胎處，常泛火石紅色斑到清代已基本消失。釉面不及明代肥腴光亮，施釉稀薄，色澤略顯青白順治、康熙兩朝，釉面平整細膩，胎釉結合緊密，釉面分別呈青白、粉白、醬白，硬亮青等幾種色澤。雍正時稍面細白瑩潤，多有桔皮皺紋。乾隆時的平整泛青，嘉道以后的不夠平整，波浪明顯。晚清時施軸稀薄，釉質疏松，不夠堅致。紋飾深受同時期繪畫的影響，民窯瓷器，寫意寫實并存，用筆豪放。御用官窯瓷器，圖案趨向規(guī)范化，用筆細致入微，構圖拘泥、繁縟。早期紋飾中的山水、樹木多采用斧劈皴，并加皴點，古裝仕女高髻秀麗，柔細的花繪采用沒骨畫法。晚期紋飾中的人物面部無神，鼻部隆大。這一時期龍紋形態(tài)不一，既有方頭大額、正肅蒼勁的，也有纖柔細身的，一般為獅子頭，龍發(fā)較多，龍腳明顯突出，兩支腳立體感強，龍身體粗笨，一般畫為四爪和五爪，如同雞爪。在清代，由于瓷器工藝受到了西方繪畫藝術的影響，因而在瓷器上出現了具有西方繪畫風格特點的花紋圖案。如在琺瑯彩瓷器和部分出口瓷器上，時常可以看到一些繪畫西洋人物，樓房、船和狗之類的花紋圖案。大件器物和早期器物，多為光滑的砂底。順治、康熙時瓷器足型較為多樣，有雙圈層底、斜削式底、二層臺式底、臥足、滾圓泥鍬背形足等。景德鎮(zhèn)官窯多署皇帝年號款，民窯有干支年款、吉祥語款、私家款及圖記款等。有印、刻、青花、紅釉、金彩、料彩等多種，楷篆均有。康熙楷多篆少，雍正楷、篆并用，乾隆以后篆多楷少。晚期同治、光緒、宣統三朝，又以楷書款為多，外圍以圓圈或方框格式。民窯款識，多隨意亂寫，字體草率。
近日尋龍文化征集到一件青花喜字罐；
青花喜字罐，口徑8.2cm，高20.7cm。罐口收斂露胎，罐身內外及底足滿釉，足端內外斜削較尖，帶蓋。整罐釉色滋潤，青花沉著，白地偏青，肩部飾一道小卷草紋，一道如意云頭肩紋，主紋飾為二組對稱的雙喜紋和纏枝勾蓮紋，罐下部為一道簡筆蓮瓣紋，喜字中等勻稱，系雙勾填色。據考證，這種青花纏枝勾蓮紋雙喜字罐，最早出現在清嘉慶年間，連續(xù)生產至民國初期，至今民間祖上為富豪大宅人家的家中仍可見到，這種青花喜字罐給民間婚嫁喜事增添了喜慶吉利的色彩，而且這件青花雙喜蓋罐還帶蓋，并保存完好，十分難得！
清代青花“囍”字蓋罐，始于清朝中期。俗稱為“喜字罐”，亦有“雙喜”罐之說。其器型是由一壇，一蓋相組而成。古人對雙喜罐用途多作于婚嫁之時用來裝糖果花生之屬，后來亦有被大戶人家用作于泡菜等功能。
中國古代瓷器近年多有億元拍品誕生，尤其是明清瓷，歷來是古玩市場的絕對主流，無論是拍場還是收藏市場，無論是數量還是價值，明清瓷都穩(wěn)居國內瓷器市場前列。近年，中高端瓷器拍品市場規(guī)模日漸擴大，增長率順勢直上，均價同樣在上漲。據統計，2017年成交在500萬元以上的拍品數量占瓷器總成交量的一半以上，市場份額逐步擴大，瓷器市場更直觀的看出2017年—2018年瓷器市場整體是很受歡迎的。綜上所述，以上藏品的歷史文化價值、收藏價值以及投資價值都比較高，值得珍藏。
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Qing dynasty porcelain introduced the blue and white word jar
The Ming and qing dynasties were the heyday of China's porcelain production, and the quantity and quality of porcelain production reached a peak.The establishment of jingdezhen as the "porcelain capital" made jingdezhen kiln rule the porcelain altar of Ming and qing dynasties for hundreds of years until today.At that time, glaze and painted porcelain of various colors were the outstanding representatives of jingdezhen porcelain making level.It is characterized by the great development of colored porcelain, the shape of utensils, and the various and exquisite decoration.Colorful color 秞 varieties, "its color, ji red, alum, ji qing, powder green, Holly, purple green, gold, silver, black, mixed color, optional and shi."
The porcelain of Ming dynasty is characterized by its modelling plump, generous, primitive simplicity, implement model line is downy, fruity.The body is relatively three-dimensional, such as bottles, zun, plate, bowl, etc., are relatively thick, porcelain exposed to the tire (foot, mouth, etc.) more flint red traces of the phenomenon.The biggest characteristic of the glaze is the thickening and moistening of the glaze. In addition to chenghua, hongzhi and zhengde, the white glaze of a few utensils in the three dynasties is white, and the rest is white, commonly known as "bright green glaze".This white, shimmering blue glaze ran throughout the Ming dynasty.The mouth and foot edge have slight glaze trace.In the decorative aspects of more freehand, a variety of pig mouth dragon, three, four, five claw.Ming dynasty porcelain early halo scattered, mid beautiful, late hair ash, dim.Yongle years, xuande porcelain lining is very regular, commonly known as "clean in", and other periods of plates, bowls, the inner wall less flat, there is a sense of uneven.There are several connecting marks of up to two layers on the abdomen of the cutting tool.Hongzhi before pay attention to tire repair, connect mark is not obvious, zhengde later, to jiajing, longqing, wanli and the end of the Ming dynasty, tire body connect mark is particularly exposed, especially in the kiln.It was only after yongle that the inscription began to be written on the wares of the official kiln, while the inscription of the civilian kiln was based on figures, auspicious words and private names.
The modeling of qing dynasty porcelain, in the period of shunzhi and kangxi, is ancient, plump and thick, yongzheng is graceful and meaningful, qianlong is neat, jiaqing and daoguang are clumsy and bulky.Fetal body, generally thin and thick moderate.During kangxi, the fetal body weight was firm and fine.Yongzheng has a thin, smooth, white high.Daoguang after the thick, thick and loose texture.In qing dynasty, cut marks of abdomen and neck are very rare.Ming dynasty porcelain exposed to the fetus, often pan flint red spots to the qing dynasty has basically disappeared.The glaze is not as bright as Ming fat, thin glaze, color slightly qingbai shunzhi, kangxi two dynasties, glaze flat and delicate, the combination of glaze closely, glaze was qingbai, pink-white, sauce white, hard bright green and other colors.Yongzheng when a little white, more orange skin wrinkles.Qianlong when the formation of pan-green, jia road after the formation is not clear, waves.In late qing dynasty, the shaft was thin and the enamel was loose.Deeply influenced by the same period of painting, folk porcelain, freehand realistic coexistence, bold pen.The patterns of the imperial porcelains tended to be standardized, with meticulous pens and rigid and elaborate compositions.Early patterns in the mountains and rivers, trees used to hack chaps, and add chaps, ancient women high bun beautiful, fine flower painting with no bone painting method.Late decorative figures face no god, nose long.In this period, the patterns of dragon patterns were different, including those with large square heads, which were serious and vigorous, as well as those with delicate and slender bodies. Generally, they were lions' heads, with more dragon hair and prominent dragon feet. The two feet had a strong three-dimensional sense, and the dragon body was thick and clumsy.In the qing dynasty, due to the influence of western painting art on porcelain craft, patterns with western painting style characteristics appeared on porcelain.For example, on enamel porcelain and some export porcelain, you can often see some paintings of western figures, buildings, boats and dogs.Large objects and early objects, mostly smooth sand bottom.Shunzhi, kangxi porcelain foot type is more diverse, there are double circle bottom, oblique cut type bottom, two desktop bottom, lying foot, round spade back shape foot.Jingdezhen official kiln more than the emperor's annual payment, civil kiln has the dry branch of the year, auspicious words, private money and figure money.There are printing, engraving, blue and white, red glaze, gold color, color, and other materials, there are seals.Kangxi kai more zhuan less, yongzheng kai, zhuan used, qianlong after zhuan more kai less.Late tongzhi, guangxu, xuantong three dynasties, and regular script for many, the periphery to circle or box format.People kiln calligraphy, more random writing, sloppy font.
Recently dragon culture collection to a blue and white word jar;
Blue and white letter jar, diameter 8.2cm, height 20.7cm.The mouth of the jar is convergent and the tire is exposed, the inside and outside of the jar body and the bottom are full of glaze, the inside and outside of the foot end is obliquely sharpened, with cover.Whole jar glaze color is moist, blue and white AD - steady, white ground is inclined green, shoulder is acted the role of a small coil grass grain, a ruyi cloud head shoulder grain, advocate grain is acted the role of the double happiness grain of 2 groups symmetry and wrap branch to hook lotus grain, pot bottom is a stick lotus petal grain, happy word is medium symmetrical, department double hook fills in color.According to research, the blue and white tie up branch lotus design lines double happy character canister, first appeared in the qing dynasty jiaqing years, continuous production and early republic of China, has rich folk ancestors for mansion is still visible to the people's home, the happy character canister to civil marriage wedding added a festive and auspicious color, and the blue and white double happiness cover pot with a lid, and save in good condition, very rare!
Qing dynasty blue and white "xi" character cover pot, began in the middle of the qing dynasty.Commonly known as "happy word jar", also have "double happiness" of the jar say.Its shape is composed of a jar and a cover.The ancient double happiness jar was mainly used to hold candy peanuts at the time of marriage. Later, it was also used for pickles and other functions by large families.
In recent years, China's ancient porcelain has more than 100 million yuan to be auctioned, especially the Ming and qing dynasty porcelain, has always been the absolute mainstream of the antique market, whether it is patting market or collection market, whether it is quantity or value, Ming and qing dynasty porcelain is firmly in the forefront of the domestic porcelain market.In recent years, high-end porcelain auction market size is expanding, the growth rate straight up, the average price is also rising.According to statistics, in 2017, the number of auction items with a turnover of more than 5 million yuan accounted for more than half of the total trading volume of porcelain, with a gradually expanding market share. It is more intuitive to see that the porcelain market in 2017 -- 2018 is very popular.To sum up, the historical and cultural value, collection value and investment value of the above collections are relatively high, worthy of collection.
The collection is now by the guangzhou dragon culture co., LTD. Network marketing commissioner operation promotion, limited pictures, welcome all collectors through the major media and welcome to contact the company visit to understand the details, if you want to purchase, in advance to deal with the relevant procedures to negotiate with the company.
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