花錢，源于漢，興于魏晉，鼎盛在明清?；ㄥX是中國古錢幣的分支，是中國民間自娛自樂的一種玩錢，這種錢幣由于不是流通錢，因此它的材質大都比較粗糙，中國民間把這種錢俗稱為“花錢”。“花錢”雖然具有錢幣的形態，但不作流通使用，是錢幣中的“非正用品”。中國民間花錢的種類繁多，諸如開爐、鎮庫、饋贈、祝福、玩賞、戲作、配飾、生肖等等都要鑄錢，這種“錢”，其實是專供某種需要的辟邪品、吉利品、紀念品。其中“吉語錢”是比較普遍的一類花錢。主要以“長命富貴”、“福德長壽”、“加官進祿”、“天下太平”等吉語為內容。到了清代鑄行極盛,民間行用甚廣，是清代道士用來施法以降妖震鬼驅邪的載體,也可叫法器。經道士開光后,百姓請回掛于家中鎮宅或隨身攜帶保平安。山鬼,即山神,因未獲天帝正式冊封到正神之列,所以也被稱為山鬼。自古以來,山鬼都是以正義、高大的形象存在。在清代山鬼花錢是流傳最廣的時期,很多人都將其佩戴在帽子、腰帶上,一來其美觀的形象可以作為一種飾品,二來也可以滿足驅鬼辟邪的心理。除此之外,山鬼花錢也多被用在屋角、影壁之類的地方,作為鎮宅之物。下圖便是小編有幸見到的一枚鎮宅元寶花錢。
Spending money originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Spending money is a branch of ancient Chinese coins and a kind of play money for Chinese people's amusement and self-entertainment. Because it is not circulating money, its material is mostly rough. Chinese people commonly call this kind of money "spending money". "Spending money" has the form of coins, but it is not used for circulation. It is the "non-official goods" in coins. There are many kinds of money spent by the Chinese people, such as fires, town storehouses, gifts, blessings, enjoyments, plays, accessories, Zodiacs and so on. This kind of "money" is actually a kind of evil repellent, auspicious goods and souvenirs for certain needs. Among them, "lucky money" is a more common type of spending. Mainly with "long life, rich and noble", "long life of Ford", "add officials to pay", "world peace" and other auspicious words as the content. By the Qing Dynasty, it was very popular and widely used by the people. It was the carrier used by Taoists in the Qing Dynasty to cast spells to reduce demons, shock ghosts and exorcise evil spirits. After the Taoist priests are enlightened, the people should hang back at their homes or carry them with them to ensure their safety. Mountain ghosts, or mountain gods, are also called mountain ghosts because they have not been officially registered by the Emperor of Heaven as true gods. Since ancient times, mountain ghosts have existed in the image of justice and loftiness. In the Qing Dynasty, mountain ghosts spent money most widely. Many people wore them on hats and belts. First, their beautiful image could be used as an ornament. Second, it could also satisfy the psychology of exorcising ghosts and exorcising evil spirits. In addition, mountain ghosts spend more money in corners, shadow walls and other places, as a town house. The following picture shows a town house Yuanbao that Xiaobian had the privilege of seeing.
這一枚鎮宅元寶花錢呈圓形，錢幣正面鐫有鎮宅之寶四字，由銅錢及花卉圍繞，背面錢幣上方鐫有兩把寶劍互相交叉，中間鐫有北斗七星，下方鐫有玄武，玄武由蛇龜組成。此枚錢幣制作精美，文字清晰可辨，造型獨特，實為花錢中的精品。
鎮宅花錢花錢可以分為鏤空錢和實體錢兩大類。鏤空錢始鑄于漢代，形狀以圓孔形為主，植物、動物、人物是鏤空錢的雕刻主題。其中植物類裝飾風格生動巧妙、寓意生遠。如蔓草綿綿喻“長壽”，花草錦繡喻“長春”，纏枝四朵喻“花開四季”等；動物類紋飾以龍鳳、魚、麒麟、鹿、鶴、玄武等代表著喜慶祥瑞的題材為主；而人物類紋飾常以漁獵、耕為題材，繼承了漢代畫像磚上漁獵、耕作的遺風。一枚山鬼紋飾花錢,樸素的紋飾,簡潔的文字,顯示著民族文化的博大精深,展示著中華文化的深邃底蘊。因此山鬼花錢在收藏品市場中非常受收藏者的熱愛，其價值也是在年年攀高。
The yuan-bao of this town house is round in shape. The front of the coin has four characters of the treasure of the town house. It is surrounded by copper coins and flowers. On the back of the coin, there are two swords crossing each other. In the middle, there are seven stars of the Big Dipper. In the bottom, there are basalt. Basalt is composed of snake turtles. This coin is exquisite in making, clear in writing and unique in shape. It's really a boutique of money.
Town house money can be divided into hollow money and real money. Hollow money was first cast in the Han Dynasty. Its shape is mainly round hole. Plants, animals and characters are the carving themes of hollow money. Among them, the decorative style of plants is vivid and ingenious, with far-reaching implications. For example, vine grass is a metaphor for longevity, flower and grass is a metaphor for Changchun, twining branches is a metaphor for "four seasons of blossom". Animal decoration is mainly composed of dragon and phoenix, fish, unicorn, deer, crane and basalt, which represent the theme of festivity and auspiciousness. Character decoration is often based on fishing, hunting and cultivation, inheriting the theme of fishing and hunting on portrait bricks of the Han Dynasty. Legacy. A Mountain Ghost decoration costs money, simple decoration, concise text, showing the broad and profound national culture, showing the profound connotation of Chinese culture. Therefore, the Mountain Ghost spends money in the collection market is very loved by collectors, its value is also rising year by year.
香港佳士得曾在2013年古錢幣拍賣會專場拍出一枚山鬼花錢民國二十五年廣東人像一仙，起拍價為80萬，經過25次競拍，最終以445萬港幣達成成交，刷新其當下花錢最高價記錄，花錢也因此又掀起了一波熱潮。由此可見其價值之珍貴。
In 2013, Christie's of Hong Kong made a special picture of a mountain ghost who spent money on a Cantonese statue in the 25 years of the Republic of China. After 25 bids, it finally reached a deal with HK$4.45 million, refreshing its current record of the highest cost, which caused a wave of upsurge in spending money. It can be seen that its value is precious.
