數據庫巡檢是一項非常重要的任務，它有以下幾個方面的重要性：

• 保證數據庫的穩定性和可靠性：巡檢可以幫助管理員及時發現數據庫中存在的問題，如性能瓶頸、資源競爭、死鎖、數據丟失等，以便及時采取措施解決這些問題，保證數據庫的穩定性和可靠性。
• 提高數據庫的性能：通過巡檢，可以分析數據庫的性能瓶頸，優化數據庫的配置、索引、表結構等，從而提高數據庫的性能。
• 提高數據庫的安全性：巡檢可以幫助管理員及時發現數據庫中存在的安全隱患，如未授權的訪問、惡意攻擊等，以及及時采取措施加強數據庫的安全性。
• 遵守合規要求：對于一些行業，如金融、醫療等，存在嚴格的合規要求，巡檢可以幫助管理員檢查數據庫是否符合這些合規要求，以確保企業的合法經營。
• 提高管理員的工作效率：巡檢可以幫助管理員及時發現問題，減少日常維護的工作量，提高管理員的工作效率。

解決方案

#!/bin/bash

# 設置Oracle環境變量
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/App/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=your_oracle_sid

# 設置變量
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
LOGFILE=oracle_healthcheck_$DATE.log

# 創建日志文件
touch $LOGFILE

# 執行巡檢命令并將結果寫入日志文件
echo "Oracle Healthcheck Report" >> $LOGFILE
echo "------------------------" >> $LOGFILE
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查Oracle實例狀態
echo "Checking Oracle instance status..." >> $LOGFILE
ps -ef | grep ora_pmon | grep -v grep > /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
    echo "Oracle instance is running." >> $LOGFILE
else
    echo "Oracle instance is not running." >> $LOGFILE
fi
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查Oracle監聽狀態
echo "Checking Oracle listener status..." >> $LOGFILE
lsnrctl status > /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
    echo "Oracle listener is running." >> $LOGFILE
else
    echo "Oracle listener is not running." >> $LOGFILE
fi
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查控制文件狀態
echo "Checking control file status..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select name, status from v$controlfile;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查在線日志狀態
echo "Checking online redo log status..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select group#, status from v$log;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查表空間狀態
echo "Checking tablespace status..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select tablespace_name, status from dba_tablespaces;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查數據文件狀態
echo "Checking datafile status..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select file_name, status from dba_data_files;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查數據庫連接情況
echo "Checking database connections..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select count(*) from v$session;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查系統磁盤空間
echo "Checking system disk space..." >> $LOGFILE
df -h >> $LOGFILE
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查表空間使用情況
echo "Checking tablespace usage..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
col "Tablespace Name" format a20
col "Total Size (MB)" format 999,999,999
col "Used Size (MB)" format 999,999,999
col "Free Size (MB)" format 999,999,999
select df.tablespace_name "Tablespace Name", totalusedspace/1024/1024 "Used Size (MB)",
(df.totalspace - totalusedspace)/1024/1024 "Free Size (MB)", df.totalspace/1024/1024 "Total Size (MB)"
from
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) totalusedspace
from dba_segments
group by tablespace_name) s,
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) totalspace
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name) df
where s.tablespace_name = df.tablespace_name;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查消耗CPU最高的進程
echo "Checking processes consuming the most CPU..." >> $LOGFILE
ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort=-%cpu | head >> $LOGFILE
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查DISK READ最高的SQL語句
echo "Checking SQL statements with the highest DISK READs..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
col "SQL ID" format a15
col "DISK READS" format 999,999,999
select sql_id "SQL ID", disk_reads "DISK READS"
from v$sqlarea
where rownum <= 10
order by disk_reads desc;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查前十條性能差的SQL
echo "Checking the top 10 worst-performing SQL statements..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
col "SQL ID" format a15
col "ELAPSED TIME (s)" format 999,999,999
select sql_id "SQL ID", elapsed_time/1000000 "ELAPSED TIME (s)"
from v$sqlarea
where rownum <= 10
order by elapsed_time desc;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查運行很久的SQL
echo "Checking long-running SQL statements..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
col "SQL ID" format a15
col "RUNNING TIME (s)" format 999,999,999
select sql_id "SQL ID", last_active_time, round((sysdate - last_active_time)*86400) "RUNNING TIME (s)"
from v$session
where type = 'USER'
order by running_time desc;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查死鎖及處理
echo "Checking for deadlocks..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
col blocker format a15
col wait_time format a15
select l1.sid blocker, l2.sid waiter, l1.username blocker_user, l2.username waiter_user, l2.event wait_event, l2.seconds_in_wait wait_time
from v$lock l1, v$lock l2, v$session s1, v$session s2
where l1.block = 1 and l2.request > 0
and l1.id1 = l2.id1 and l1.id2 = l2.id2
and l1.sid = s1.sid and l2.sid = s2.sid;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查緩沖區命中率
echo "Checking buffer cache hit ratio..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select name, value from v$sysstat where name = 'buffer cache hit ratio';
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查共享池命中率
echo "Checking shared pool hit ratio..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select name, value from v$sysstat where name = 'shared pool hit ratio';
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查排序區狀態
echo "Checking sort area status..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select tablespace_name, max_size, used_size, alloc_size from v$sort_segment;
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查日志緩沖區狀態
echo "Checking redo log buffer status..." >> $LOGFILE
sqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
conn / as sysdba
set heading off
set feedback off
select name, value from v$sysstat where name = 'redo log space requests';
exit;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 檢查ORACLE數據庫備份狀態
echo "Checking Oracle database backup status..." >> $LOGFILE
rman target / catalog rman/rman@rcat <<EOF >> $LOGFILE
list backup;
EOF
echo "" >> $LOGFILE

# 發送巡檢報告郵件
mail -s "Oracle Healthcheck Report" your@email.com < $LOGFILE

exit

小結

通過腳本來使用我們的巡檢任務自動化，來減輕常規的工作量，用更多的時間來專注于數據庫更核心的維護和更深技術的探究！