前言
冗余代碼向來是代碼的一種壞味道,也是我們程序員要極力避免的。今天我通過一個示例和大家分享下解決冗余代碼的3個手段,看看哪個最好。
問題描述
為了描述這個問題,我將使用 FtpClient 作為示例。要從 ftp 服務器獲取一些文件,你需要先建立連接,下一步是登錄,然后執行查看ftp文件列表、刪除ftp文件,最后注銷并斷開連接, 代碼如下:
public class FtpProvider{
private final FTPClient ftpClient;
public FTPFile[] listDirectories(String parentDirectory) {
try {
ftpClient.connect("host", 22);
ftpClient.login("username", "password");
return ftpClient.listDirectories(parentDirectory);
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong", ex);
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} finally {
try {
ftpClient.logout();
ftpClient.disconnect();
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong while finally", ex);
}
}
}
public boolean deleteFile(String filePath) {
try {
ftpClient.connect("host", 22);
ftpClient.login("username", "password");
return ftpClient.deleteFile(filePath);
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong", ex);
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} finally {
try {
ftpClient.logout();
ftpClient.disconnect();
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong while finally", ex);
}
}
}
}
正如上面代碼所示,listDirectories和downloadFtpFile?中都包含了ftp連接、登錄以及最后的注銷操作,存在大量冗余的代碼,那有什么更好的辦法清理冗余代碼呢?下面推薦3個做法,所有三個提出的解決方案都將實現以下 FtpProvider 接口,我將比較這些實現并選擇更好的一個。
public interface FtpProvider {
FTPFile[] listDirectories(String directory) throws IOException;
boolean deleteFile(String filePath) throws IOException;
}
1. 使用@Aspect 代理
- 首先創建一個注解, 用來注解需要代理的方法
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface FtpOperation {
}
- 創建一個類實現 FtpProvider接口, 將注解添加到方法 listDirectories 和 deleteFile 中
@Slf4j
@Service
class FtpProviderImpl implements FtpProvider {
private final FTPClient ftpClient;
@Override
public FTPFile[] listDirectories(String directory) throws IOException {
return ftpClient.listDirectories(directory);
}
@Override
public boolean deleteFile(String filePath) throws IOException {
return ftpClient.deleteFile(filePath);
}
}
- 實現注解的代理切面邏輯
@Slf4j
@Aspect
@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class FtpOperationProxy {
private final FTPClient ftpClient;
@Around("@annotation(daniel.zielinski.redundancy.proxyaop.infrastructure.FtpOperation)")
public Object handle(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
try {
ftpClient.connect("host", 22);
ftpClient.login("username", "password");
return joinPoint.proceed();
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong", ex);
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} finally {
try {
ftpClient.logout();
ftpClient.disconnect();
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong while finally", ex);
}
}
}
}
所有用@FtpOperation? 注解的方法都會在這個地方執行joinPoint.proceed()。
2. 函數式接口
- 創建一個函數式接口
@FunctionalInterface
interface FtpOperation<T, R> {
R Apply(T t) throws IOException;
}
- 定義ftp執行模板
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
@Service
public class FtpOperationTemplate {
private final FTPClient ftpClient;
public <K> K execute(FtpOperation<FTPClient, K> ftpOperation) {
try {
ftpClient.connect("host", 22);
ftpClient.login("username", "password");
return ftpOperation.apply(ftpClient);
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong", ex);
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} finally {
try {
ftpClient.logout();
ftpClient.disconnect();
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong while finally", ex);
}
}
}
}
- 定義實現類
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
@Service
class FtpProviderFunctionalInterfaceImpl implements FtpProvider {
private final FtpOperationTemplate ftpOperationTemplate;
public FTPFile[] listDirectories(String parentDirectory) {
return ftpOperationTemplate.execute(ftpClient -> ftpClient.listDirectories(parentDirectory));
}
public boolean deleteFile(String filePath) {
return ftpOperationTemplate.execute(ftpClient -> ftpClient.deleteFile(filePath));
}
}
我們正在 FtpOperationTemplate? 上執行方法 execute? 并且我們正在傳遞 lambda? 表達式。我們將放入 lambda? 中的所有邏輯都將代替 ftpOperation.apply(ftpClient) 函數執行。
3. 模板方法
- 創建一個抽象的模板類
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
@Service
abstract class FtpOperationTemplate<T, K> {
protected abstract K command(FTPClient ftpClient, T input) throws IOException;
public K execute(FTPClient ftpClient, T input) {
try {
ftpClient.connect("host", 22);
ftpClient.login("username", "password");
return command(ftpClient, input);
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong", ex);
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} finally {
try {
ftpClient.logout();
ftpClient.disconnect();
} catch (IOException ex) {
log.error("Something went wrong while finally", ex);
}
}
}
}
- 列出ftp目錄listDirectories方法的實現
@Slf4j
@Service
class FtpOperationListDirectories extends FtpOperationTemplate<String, FTPFile[]> {
@Override
protected FTPFile[] command(FTPClient ftpClient, String input) throws IOException {
return ftpClient.listDirectories(input);
}
}
- 刪除文件deleteFile方法的實現
@Slf4j
@Service
class FtpOperationDeleteFile extends FtpOperationTemplate<String, Boolean> {
@Override
protected Boolean command(FTPClient ftpClient, String input) throws IOException {
return ftpClient.deleteFile(input);
}
}
- 實現FtpProvider接口
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
@Service
public class FtpProviderTemplateImpl implements FtpProvider {
private final FtpOperationTemplate<String, FTPFile[]> ftpOperationListDirectories;
private final FtpOperationTemplate<String, Boolean> ftpOperationDeleteFile;
private final FTPClient ftpClient;
public FTPFile[] listDirectories(String parentDirectory) {
return ftpOperationListDirectories.execute(ftpClient, parentDirectory);
}
public boolean deleteFile(String filePath) {
return ftpOperationDeleteFile.execute(ftpClient, filePath);
}
}
我們正在 FtpOperationTemplate? 上執行方法 execute? 并在那里傳遞我們的參數。因此執行方法的邏輯對于 FtpOperationTemplate 的每個實現都是不同的。
總結
我們現在來比較下上面種方式:
- @Aspect切面方式實現
向 FtpProvider? 接口添加一個新方法,需要我們僅在一個地方進行更改。我們可以輕松地將我們的 FtpProvider? 注入到其他服務中。此解決方案的強項可能是 @FtpOperation? 注釋,它可以在 FtpProvider 上下文實現之外使用,但是將 Ftp 操作的邏輯劃分到單獨的類中并不是一個好方法。
- 函數式接口實現
向接口 FtpProvider? 添加一個新方法,需要我們僅在一個地方進行更改。我們可以輕松地將我們的 FtpProvider 注入到其他服務中。我們將ftp操作的邏輯封裝在一個類中。相對于上面的方式,我們也沒有用到AOP的庫,所以我個人還是比較推薦的。
- 模板方法實現
向接口 FtpProvider? 添加一個新方法,需要我們在兩個地方進行更改。我們需要添加一個新的類,會導致類爆炸,另外,我們還需要將實現注入到 FtpProvider。
如果是你,你會選擇哪種方式呢?還是有更好的方法?