1. 介紹
在我們日常的JAVA開發中,免不了和其他系統的業務交互,或者微服務之間的接口調用
如果我們想保證數據傳輸的安全,對接口出參加密,入參解密。
但是不想寫重復代碼,我們可以提供一個通用starter,提供通用加密解密功能
2. 前置知識
2.1 hutool-crypto加密解密工具
hutool-crypto提供了很多加密解密工具,包括對稱加密,非對稱加密,摘要加密等等,這不做詳細介紹。
2.2 request流只能讀取一次的問題
2.2.1 問題:
在接口調用鏈中,request的請求流只能調用一次,處理之后,如果之后還需要用到請求流獲取數據,就會發現數據為空。
比如使用了filter或者aop在接口處理之前,獲取了request中的數據,對參數進行了校驗,那么之后就不能在獲取request請求流了
2.2.2 解決辦法
繼承HttpServletRequestWrApper
,將請求中的流copy一份,復寫getInputStream
和getReader方法供外部使用。每次調用后的getInputStream
方法都是從復制出來的二進制數組中進行獲取,這個二進制數組在對象存在期間一致存在。
使用Filter過濾器,在一開始,替換request為自己定義的可以多次讀取流的request。
這樣就實現了流的重復獲取
InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper
package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils;
import org.Apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
/**
* 請求流支持多次獲取
*/
public class InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
/**
* 用于緩存輸入流
*/
private ByteArrayOutputStream cachedBytes;
public InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);
}
@Override
public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
if (cachedBytes == null) {
// 首次獲取流時,將流放入 緩存輸入流 中
cacheInputStream();
}
// 從 緩存輸入流 中獲取流并返回
return new CachedServletInputStream(cachedBytes.toByteArray());
}
@Override
public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));
}
/**
* 首次獲取流時,將流放入 緩存輸入流 中
*/
private void cacheInputStream() throws IOException {
// 緩存輸入流以便多次讀取。為了方便, 我使用 org.apache.commons IOUtils
cachedBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
IOUtils.copy(super.getInputStream(), cachedBytes);
}
/**
* 讀取緩存的請求正文的輸入流
*
* 用于根據 緩存輸入流 創建一個可返回的
*/
public static class CachedServletInputStream extends ServletInputStream {
private final ByteArrayInputStream input;
public CachedServletInputStream(byte[] buf) {
// 從緩存的請求正文創建一個新的輸入流
input = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf);
}
@Override
public boolean isFinished() {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean isReady() {
return false;
}
@Override
public void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) {
}
@Override
public int read() throws IOException {
return input.read();
}
}
}
HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter
package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.filter;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils.InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import static org.springframework.core.Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description:
* 請求流轉換為多次讀取的請求流 過濾器
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:58
*/
@Component
@Order(HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1) // 優先級最高
public class HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 轉換為可以多次獲取流的request
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper = new InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(httpServletRequest);
// 放行
chain.doFilter(inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper, response);
}
}
2.3 SpringBoot的參數校驗validation
為了減少接口中,業務代碼之前的大量冗余的參數校驗代碼
SpringBoot-validation
提供了優雅的參數校驗,入參都是實體類,在實體類字段上加上對應注解,就可以在進入方法之前,進行參數校驗,如果參數錯誤,會拋出錯誤BindException
,是不會進入方法的。
這種方法,必須要求在接口參數上加注解@Validated
或者是@Valid
但是很多清空下,我們希望在代碼中調用某個實體類的校驗功能,所以需要如下工具類。推薦面試寶典:https://www.yoodb.com/
ParamException
package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception;
import lombok.Getter;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description 自定義參數異常
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56
*/
@Getter
public class ParamException extends Exception {
private final List fieldList;
private final List msgList;
public ParamException(List fieldList, List msgList) {
this.fieldList = fieldList;
this.msgList = msgList;
}
}
ValidationUtils
package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.CustomizeException;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.ParamException;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.Validation;
import javax.validation.Validator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description 驗證工具類
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56
*/
public class ValidationUtils {
private static final Validator VALIDATOR = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator();
/**
* 驗證數據
* @param object 數據
*/
public static void validate(Object object) throws CustomizeException {
Set> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object);
// 驗證結果異常
throwParamException(validate);
}
/**
* 驗證數據(分組)
* @param object 數據
* @param groups 所在組
*/
public static void validate(Object object, Class ... groups) throws CustomizeException {
Set> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object, groups);
// 驗證結果異常
throwParamException(validate);
}
/**
* 驗證數據中的某個字段(分組)
* @param object 數據
* @param propertyName 字段名稱
*/
public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName) throws CustomizeException {
Set> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName);
// 驗證結果異常
throwParamException(validate);
/**
* 驗證數據中的某個字段(分組)
* @param object 數據
* @param propertyName 字段名稱
* @param groups 所在組
*/
public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName, Class ... groups) throws CustomizeException {
Set> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName, groups);
// 驗證結果異常
throwParamException(validate);
/**
* 驗證結果異常
* @param validate 驗證結果
*/
private static void throwParamException(Set> validate) throws CustomizeException {
if (validate.size() > 0) {
List fieldList = new LinkedList<>();
List msgList = new LinkedList<>();
for (ConstraintViolation next : validate) {
fieldList.add(next.getPropertyPath().toString());
msgList.add(next.getMessage());
}
throw new ParamException(fieldList, msgList);
}
}
2.5 自定義starter
自定義starter步驟
-
創建工廠,編寫功能代碼
-
聲明自動配置類,把需要對外提供的對象創建好,通過配置類統一向外暴露
-
在resource目錄下準備一個名為
spring/spring.factories
的文件,以org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration
為key,自動配置類為value列表,進行注冊
2.6 RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice
-
RequestBodyAdvice
是對請求的json串進行處理, 一般使用環境是處理接口參數的自動解密 -
ResponseBodyAdvice
是對請求相應的jsoin傳進行處理,一般用于相應結果的加密
接口相應數據的時候,返回的是加密之后的數據 接口入參的時候,接收的是解密之后的數據,但是在進入接口之前,會自動解密,取得對應的數據
4. 功能細節
加密解密使用對稱加密的AES算法,使用hutool-crypto模塊進行實現
所有的實體類提取一個公共父類,包含屬性時間戳,用于加密數據返回之后的實效性,如果超過60分鐘,那么其他接口將不進行處理。
如果接口加了加密注解EncryptionAnnotation
,并且返回統一的json數據Result類,則自動對數據進行加密。如果是繼承了統一父類RequestBase
的數據,自動注入時間戳,確保數據的時效性
如果接口加了解密注解DecryptionAnnotation
,并且參數使用RequestBody注解標注,傳入json使用統一格式RequestData類,并且內容是繼承了包含時間長的父類RequestBase
,則自動解密,并且轉為對應的數據類型
功能提供Springboot的starter,實現開箱即用
5. 代碼實現
https://gitee.com/springboot-hlh/spring-boot-csdn/tree/master/09-spring-boot-interface-crypto
5.1 項目結構
5.2 crypto-common5.2.1 結構5.3 crypto-spring-boot-starter 5.3.1 接口5.3.2 重要代碼
crypto.properties AES需要的參數配置
# 模式 cn.hutool.crypto.Mode
crypto.mode=CTS
# 補碼方式 cn.hutool.crypto.Mode
crypto.padding=PKCS5Padding
# 秘鑰
crypto.key=testkey123456789
# 鹽
crypto.iv=testiv1234567890
spring.factories 自動配置文件
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
xyz.hlh.crypto.config.AppConfig
CryptConfig AES需要的配置參數
package xyz.hlh.crypto.config;
import cn.hutool.crypto.Mode;
import cn.hutool.crypto.Padding;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.Getter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description: AES需要的配置參數
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:16
*/
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "crypto")
@PropertySource("classpath:crypto.properties")
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode
@Getter
public class CryptConfig implements Serializable {
private Mode mode;
private Padding padding;
private String key;
private String iv;
}
AppConfig 自動配置類
package xyz.hlh.crypto.config;
import cn.hutool.crypto.symmetric.AES;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description: 自動配置類
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:12
*/
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
@Resource
private CryptConfig cryptConfig;
@Bean
public AES aes() {
return new AES(cryptConfig.getMode(), cryptConfig.getPadding(), cryptConfig.getKey().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), cryptConfig.getIv().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
}
DecryptRequestBodyAdvice
請求自動解密
package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.ParamException;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.constant.CryptoConstant;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestData;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description: requestBody 自動解密
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
/**
* 方法上有DecryptionAnnotation注解的,進入此攔截器
* @param methodParameter 方法參數對象
* @param targetType 參數的類型
* @param converterType 消息轉換器
* @return true,進入,false,跳過
*/
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
return methodParameter.hasMethodAnnotation(DecryptionAnnotation.class);
}
@Override
public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) throws IOException {
return inputMessage;
}
/**
* 轉換之后,執行此方法,解密,賦值
* @param body spring解析完的參數
* @param inputMessage 輸入參數
* @param parameter 參數對象
* @param targetType 參數類型
* @param converterType 消息轉換類型
* @return 真實的參數
*/
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
// 獲取request
RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes;
if (servletRequestAttributes == null) {
throw new ParamException("request錯誤");
}
HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest();
// 獲取數據
ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
RequestData requestData = objectMapper.readValue(inputStream, RequestData.class);
if (requestData == null || StringUtils.isBlank(requestData.getText())) {
throw new ParamException("參數錯誤");
}
// 獲取加密的數據
String text = requestData.getText();
// 放入解密之前的數據
request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_ORIGINAL_DATA, text);
// 解密
String decryptText = null;
try {
decryptText = AESUtil.decrypt(text);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ParamException("解密失敗");
}
if (StringUtils.isBlank(decryptText)) {
throw new ParamException("解密失敗");
}
// 放入解密之后的數據
request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_DECRYPT_DATA, decryptText);
// 獲取結果
Object result = objectMapper.readValue(decryptText, body.getClass());
// 強制所有實體類必須繼承RequestBase類,設置時間戳
if (result instanceof RequestBase) {
// 獲取時間戳
Long currentTimeMillis = ((RequestBase) result).getCurrentTimeMillis();
// 有效期 60秒
long effective = 60*1000;
// 時間差
long expire = System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTimeMillis;
// 是否在有效期內
if (Math.abs(expire) > effective) {
throw new ParamException("時間戳不合法");
}
// 返回解密之后的數據
return result;
} else {
throw new ParamException(String.format("請求參數類型:%s 未繼承:%s", result.getClass().getName(), RequestBase.class.getName()));
}
}
/**
* 如果body為空,轉為空對象
* @param body spring解析完的參數
* @param inputMessage 輸入參數
* @param parameter 參數對象
* @param targetType 參數類型
* @param converterType 消息轉換類型
* @return 真實的參數
*/
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
String typeName = targetType.getTypeName();
Class bodyClass = Class.forName(typeName);
return bodyClass.newInstance();
}
}
EncryptResponseBodyAdvice
相應自動加密
package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
import sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.CryptoException;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description:
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12
*/
@ControllerAdvice
public class EncryptResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice {
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class> converterType) {
ParameterizedTypeImpl genericParameterType = (ParameterizedTypeImpl)returnType.getGenericParameterType();
// 如果直接是Result,則返回
if (genericParameterType.getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) {
return true;
}
if (genericParameterType.getRawType() != ResponseEntity.class) {
return false;
}
// 如果是ResponseEntity
for (Type type : genericParameterType.getActualTypeArguments()) {
if (((ParameterizedTypeImpl) type).getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public Result beforeBodyWrite(Result body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) {
// 加密
Object data = body.getData();
// 如果data為空,直接返回
if (data == null) {
return body;
}
// 如果是實體,并且繼承了Request,則放入時間戳
if (data instanceof RequestBase) {
((RequestBase)data).setCurrentTimeMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
String dataText = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(data);
// 如果data為空,直接返回
if (StringUtils.isBlank(dataText)) {
return body;
}
// 如果位數小于16,報錯
if (dataText.length() < 16) {
throw new CryptoException("加密失敗,數據小于16位");
}
String encryptText = AESUtil.encryptHex(dataText);
return Result.builder()
.status(body.getStatus())
.data(encryptText)
.message(body.getMessage())
.build();
}
}
5.4 crypto-test 5.4.1 結構5.4.2 重要代碼
application.yml 配置文件
spring:
mvc:
format:
date-time: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
date: yyyy-MM-dd
# 日期格式化
jackson:
date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
Teacher 實體類
package xyz.hlh.crypto.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description: Teacher實體類,使用SpringBoot的validation校驗
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 10:21
*/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class Teacher extends RequestBase implements Serializable {
@NotBlank(message = "姓名不能為空")
private String name;
@NotNull(message = "年齡不能為空")
@Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年齡不合法")
private Integer age;
@NotNull(message = "生日不能為空")
private Date birthday;
}
TestController 測試Controller
package xyz.hlh.crypto.controller;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.ResultBuilder;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.Teacher;
/**
* @author HLH
* @description: 測試Controller
* @email 17703595860@163.com
* @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:16
*/
@RestController
public class TestController implements ResultBuilder {
/**
* 直接返回對象,不加密
* @param teacher Teacher對象
* @return 不加密的對象
*/
@PostMapping("/get")
public ResponseEntity> get(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
return success(teacher);
}
/**
* 返回加密后的數據
* @param teacher Teacher對象
* @return 返回加密后的數據 ResponseBody格式
*/
@PostMapping("/encrypt")
@EncryptionAnnotation
public ResponseEntity> encrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
return success(teacher);
}
/**
* 返回加密后的數據
* @param teacher Teacher對象
* @return 返回加密后的數據 Result格式
*/
@PostMapping("/encrypt1")
@EncryptionAnnotation
public Result encrypt1(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
return success(teacher).getBody();
}
/**
* 返回解密后的數據
* @param teacher Teacher對象
* @return 返回解密后的數據
*/
@PostMapping("/decrypt")
@DecryptionAnnotation
public ResponseEntity> decrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
return success(teacher);
}
}
作者:HLH_2021 https://blog.csdn.NET/HLH_2021/article/details/122785888