前言

基于http協(xié)議，最常用的是GET和POST兩種方法。

接口文檔需要包含哪些信息：

1. 接口名稱
2. 接口功能
3. 接口地址
4. 支持格式 json/xml
5. 請求方式
6. 請求示例
7. 請求參數(shù)(是否必填、數(shù)據(jù)類型、傳遞參數(shù)格式)
8. 返回參數(shù)說明

以典型的(一兩個(gè))參數(shù)做為判斷是否請求通過（重點(diǎn)是看響應(yīng)的信息判斷）

GET請求

import requests
import json

url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
header ={}

r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers= header,)
#verify=True適用于服務(wù)端的ssl證書驗(yàn)證，verify=False為關(guān)閉ssl驗(yàn)證
print('get請求獲取的響應(yīng)結(jié)果json類型',r.text) 
print("get請求獲取響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code) 
print("get請求獲取響應(yīng)頭",r.headers['Content-Type']) 
#響應(yīng)的json數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為可被Python/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>Python識(shí)別的數(shù)據(jù)類型
json_r = r.json() 
print(json_r)

POST請求

post請求有兩種常用的請求格式：

1、key-value的格式'Content-Type':'

Application/x-www-form-urlencoded'

2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)json的格式：'Content-Type':'application/json'

#key-value

import requests
import json

url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
header ={}

r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header)

print('get請求獲取的響應(yīng)結(jié)果json類型',r.text)
print("get請求獲取響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code)
print("get請求獲取響應(yīng)頭",r.headers['Content-Type'])

#響應(yīng)的json數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為可被python識(shí)別的數(shù)據(jù)類型
json_r = r.json()
print(json_r)

#json

import requests
import json

url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
header ={}
#python數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換為json類型（json.dumps()）
para = json.dumps(para)
r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header)

print('get請求獲取的響應(yīng)結(jié)果json類型',r.text)
print("get請求獲取響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code)
print("get請求獲取響應(yīng)頭",r.headers['Content-Type'])

#響應(yīng)的json數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為可被python識(shí)別的數(shù)據(jù)類型
json_r = r.json()
print(json_r)

將請求進(jìn)行封裝

1、把所有的請求封裝在函數(shù)中

def get(url,para,headers):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers)
        print("獲取返回的狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code)
        json_r = r.json()
        print("json類型轉(zhuǎn)化成python數(shù)據(jù)類型",json_r)
    except BaseException as e:
        print("請求失敗！",str(e))
def post(url,para,headers):
    try:
        r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers)
        print("獲取返回的狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code)
        json_r = r.json()
        print("json類型轉(zhuǎn)化成python數(shù)據(jù)類型",json_r)
    except BaseException as e:
        print("請求失敗！",str(e))
def post_json(url,para,headers):
    try:
        data = para
        data = json.dumps(data)   #python數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)化為json數(shù)據(jù)類型
        r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)
        print("獲取返回的狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code)
        json_r = r.json()
        print("json轉(zhuǎn)換為python數(shù)據(jù)類型：",json_r)
    except BaseException as e:
        print("請求失敗！",str(e))

url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
headers ={}

get(url,para,headers)
post(url,para,headers)
post_json(url,para,headers)

2、把所有請求封裝在一個(gè)對象里

class Webrequests:
    def get(self,url,para,headers):
        try:
            r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers)
            print("獲取返回的狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code)
            json_r = r.json()
            print("json類型轉(zhuǎn)化成python數(shù)據(jù)類型",json_r)
        except BaseException as e:
            print("請求失敗！",str(e))
    def post(self,url,para,headers):
        try:
            r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers)
            print("獲取返回的狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code)
            json_r = r.json()
            print("json類型轉(zhuǎn)化成python數(shù)據(jù)類型",json_r)
        except BaseException as e:
            print("請求失敗！",str(e))
    def post_json(self,url,para,headers):
        try:
            data = para
            data = json.dumps(data)   #python數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)化為json數(shù)據(jù)類型
            r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)
            print("獲取返回的狀態(tài)碼",r.status_code)
            json_r = r.json()
            print("json類型轉(zhuǎn)化成python數(shù)據(jù)類型",json_r)
        except BaseException as e:
            print("請求失敗！",str(e))

url = "http://v.juhe.cn/laohuangli/d"
para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"2017-3-22"}
headers ={}

q = Webrequests()

q.get(url,para,headers)
q.post(url,para,headers)
q.post_json(url,para,headers)