日常工作中，用 Python/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>Python 處理時間格式的數據是非常常見的，今天就來分享 DateTime 相關的示例。
1使用 time 模塊展示當前日期和時間
import time
from time import gmtime, strftime
t = time.localtime()
print (time.asctime(t))
print(strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000", gmtime()))
print(strftime("%A", gmtime()))
print(strftime("%D", gmtime()))
print(strftime("%B", gmtime()))
print(strftime("%y", gmtime()))
# Convert seconds into GMT date
print(strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S +0000", gmtime(1234567890)))
Output:
Sun May 7 09:30:37 2017
Sun, 07 May 2017 04:00:37 +0000
Sunday
05/07/17
May
17
Fri, 13 Feb 2009 23:31:30 +0000
2將天、小時、分鐘轉換為秒
SECONDS_PER_MINUTE = 60
SECONDS_PER_HOUR = 3600
SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400
#Read the inputs from user
days = int(input("Enter number of Days: "))
hours = int(input("Enter number of Hours: "))
minutes = int(input("Enter number of Minutes: "))
seconds = int(input("Enter number of Seconds: "))
#Calculate the days, hours, minutes and seconds
total_seconds = days * SECONDS_PER_DAY
total_seconds = total_seconds + ( hours * SECONDS_PER_HOUR)
total_seconds = total_seconds + ( minutes * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE)
total_seconds = total_seconds + seconds
#Display the result
print("Total number of seconds: ","%d"%(total_seconds))
Output:
Enter number of Days: 5
Enter number of Hours: 36
Enter number of Minutes: 24
Enter number of Seconds: 15
Total number of seconds: 563055
3使用 Pandas 獲取當前日期和時間
import pandas as pd
print(pd.datetime.now())
print(pd.datetime.now().date())
print(pd.datetime.now().year)
print(pd.datetime.now().month)
print(pd.datetime.now().day)
print(pd.datetime.now().hour)
print(pd.datetime.now().minute)
print(pd.datetime.now().second)
print(pd.datetime.now().microsecond)
Output:
2018-01-19 16:08:28.393553
2018-01-19
2018
1
19
16
8
28
394553
4將字符串轉換為日期時間對象
from datetime import datetime
from dateutil import parser
d1 = "Jan 7 2015 1:15PM"
d2 = "2015 Jan 7 1:33PM"
# If you know date format
date1 = datetime.strptime(d1, '%b %d %Y %I:%M%p')
print(type(date1))
print(date1)
# If you don't know date format
date2 = parser.parse(d2)
print(type(date2))
print(date2)
Output:
class 'datetime.datetime'
2015-01-07 13:15:00
class 'datetime.datetime'
2015-01-07 13:33:00
5以毫秒為單位獲取當前時間
import time
milliseconds = int(round(time.time() * 1000))
print(milliseconds)
Output:
1516364270650
6以 MST、EST、UTC、GMT 和 HST 獲取當前日期時間
from datetime import datetime
from pytz import timezone
mst = timezone('MST')
print("Time in MST:", datetime.now(mst))
est = timezone('EST')
print("Time in EST:", datetime.now(est))
utc = timezone('UTC')
print("Time in UTC:", datetime.now(utc))
gmt = timezone('GMT')
print("Time in GMT:", datetime.now(gmt))
hst = timezone('HST')
print("Time in HST:", datetime.now(hst))
Output:
Time in MST: 2017-01-19 06:06:14.495605-07:00
Time in EST: 2017-01-19 08:06:14.496606-05:00
Time in UTC: 2017-01-19 13:06:14.496606+00:00
Time in GMT: 2017-01-19 13:06:14.496606+00:00
Time in HST: 2017-01-19 03:06:14.497606-10:00
7從給定的日期當中獲取星期幾
import datetime
dayofweek = datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).strftime("%A")
print(dayofweek)
# weekday Monday is 0 and Sunday is 6
print("weekday():", datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).weekday())
# isoweekday() Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7
print("isoweekday()", datetime.date(2010, 6, 16).isoweekday())
dayofweek = datetime.datetime.today().strftime("%A")
print(dayofweek)
print("weekday():", datetime.datetime.today().weekday())
print("isoweekday()", datetime.datetime.today().isoweekday())
Output:
Wednesday
weekday(): 2
isoweekday() 3
Friday
weekday(): 4
isoweekday() 5
8計算兩個日期時間對象之間的時差
import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
datetimeFormat = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
date1 = '2016-04-16 10:01:28.585'
date2 = '2016-03-10 09:56:28.067'
diff = datetime.datetime.strptime(date1, datetimeFormat)
- datetime.datetime.strptime(date2, datetimeFormat)
print("Difference:", diff)
print("Days:", diff.days)
print("Microseconds:", diff.microseconds)
print("Seconds:", diff.seconds)
Output:
Difference: 37 days, 0:05:00.518000
Days: 37
Microseconds: 518000
Seconds: 300
9將 5 分鐘添加到 Unix 時間戳
import datetime
import calendar
future = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=5)
print(calendar.timegm(future.timetuple()))
Output:
1621069619
10在 Python 中遍歷一系列日期
import datetime
start = datetime.datetime.strptime("21-06-2020", "%d-%m-%Y")
end = datetime.datetime.strptime("05-07-2020", "%d-%m-%Y")
date_generated = [start + datetime.timedelta(days=x) for x in range(0, (end - start).days)]
for date in date_generated:
print(date.strftime("%d-%m-%Y"))
Output:
21-06-2020
22-06-2020
23-06-2020
24-06-2020
25-06-2020
26-06-2020
27-06-2020
28-06-2020
29-06-2020
30-06-2020
01-07-2020
02-07-2020
03-07-2020
04-07-2020
11巴黎時間更改為紐約時間
import pendulum
in_paris = pendulum.datetime(2016, 8, 7, 22, 24, 30, tz='Europe/Paris')
print(in_paris)
in_us = in_paris.in_timezone('America/New_York')
print(in_us)
Output:
2016-08-07T22:24:30+02:00
2016-08-07T16:24:30-04:00
12使用 Python 獲得最后7個工作日
from datetime import date
from datetime import timedelta
today = date.today()
for i in range(7):
d = today - timedelta(days=i)
if d.weekday() < 5:
print(d)
Output:
2021-05-18
2021-05-17
2021-05-14
2021-05-13
2021-05-12
13從今天的日期和一個人的生日推算年齡
from datetime import date
def calculate_age(born):
today = date.today()
try:
birthday = born.replace(year=today.year)
except ValueError:
birthday = born.replace(year=today.year, month=born.month + 1, day=1)
if birthday > today:
return today.year - born.year - 1
else:
return today.year - born.year
print(calculate_age(date(2001, 3, 1)))
Output:
20
14獲得本月的第一個星期二
import calendar
from datetime import datetime
c = calendar.Calendar(firstweekday=calendar.SUNDAY)
monthcal = c.monthdatescalendar(datetime.today().year, datetime.today().month)
try:
tues = [day for week in monthcal for day in week if
day.weekday() == calendar.TUESDAY and day.month == datetime.today().month][0]
print(tues)
except IndexError:
print('No date found')
Output:
2021-05-04
15將整數轉換為日期對象
from datetime import datetime
i = 1545730073
timestamp = datetime.fromtimestamp(i)
print(timestamp)
print(type(timestamp))
Output:
2018-12-25 14:57:53
