1.安裝依賴環(huán)境
yum -y install wget gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake make perl bison openssl openssl-devel gcc* libxml2 libxml2-devel curl-devel libjpeg* libpng* freetype* autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* libaio libaio-devel bzr libtool
2.安裝openssl
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2s.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.2s.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.2s
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl-1.0.2s
make
make install
3.安裝pcre
wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.43.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.43.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.43
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre-8.43
make
make install
4.安裝zlib
wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/1.2.11/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib-1.2.11
make
make
5.安裝Nginx
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.2.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.17.2.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.17.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.17.2 --with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.2s --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.43 --with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 --with-http_ssl_module
make
make install
這里需要注意的是:安裝Nginx時(shí),指定的是openssl、pcre和zlib的源碼解壓目錄,安裝完成后Nginx配置文件的完整路徑為:
/usr/local/nginx-1.17.2/conf/nginx.conf。
Nginx負(fù)載均衡配置
1.負(fù)載均衡配置
http {
……
upstream real_server {
server 192.168.103.100:2001 weight=1; #輪詢服務(wù)器和訪問權(quán)重
server 192.168.103.100:2002 weight=2;
}
server {
listen 80;
location / {
proxy_pass http://real_server;
}
}
}
2.失敗重試配置
upstream real_server {
server 192.168.103.100:2001 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=60s;
server 192.168.103.100:2002 weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=60s;
}
意思是在fail_timeout時(shí)間內(nèi)失敗了max_fails次請(qǐng)求后,則認(rèn)為該上游服務(wù)器不可用,然后將該服務(wù)地址踢除掉。fail_timeout時(shí)間后會(huì)再次將該服務(wù)器加入存活列表,進(jìn)行重試。
Nginx限流配置
1.配置參數(shù)
limit_req_zone指令設(shè)置參數(shù)
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=mylimit:10m rate=10r/s;
- limit_req_zone定義在http塊中,$binary_remote_addr表示保存客戶端IP地址的二進(jìn)制形式。
- Zone定義IP狀態(tài)及URL訪問頻率的共享內(nèi)存區(qū)域。zone=keyword標(biāo)識(shí)區(qū)域的名字,以及冒號(hào)后面跟區(qū)域大小。16000個(gè)IP地址的狀態(tài)信息約1MB,所以示例中區(qū)域可以存儲(chǔ)160000個(gè)IP地址。
- Rate定義最大請(qǐng)求速率。示例中速率不能超過每秒10個(gè)請(qǐng)求。
2.設(shè)置限流
location / {
limit_req zone=mylimit burst=20 nodelay;
proxy_pass http://real_server;
}
burst排隊(duì)大小,nodelay不限制單個(gè)請(qǐng)求間的時(shí)間。
3.不限流白名單
geo $limit {
default 1;
192.168.2.0/24 0;
}
map $limit $limit_key {
1 $binary_remote_addr;
0 "";
}
limit_req_zone $limit_key zone=mylimit:10m rate=1r/s;
location / {
limit_req zone=mylimit burst=1 nodelay;
proxy_pass http://real_server;
}
上述配置中,192.168.2.0/24網(wǎng)段的IP訪問是不限流的,其他限流。
IP后面的數(shù)字含義:
- 24表示子網(wǎng)掩碼:255.255.255.0
- 16表示子網(wǎng)掩碼:255.255.0.0
- 8表示子網(wǎng)掩碼:255.0.0.0
Nginx緩存配置
1.瀏覽器緩存
靜態(tài)資源緩存用expire
location ~* .(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
expires 2d;
}
Response Header中添加了Expires和Cache-Control,
靜態(tài)資源包括(一般緩存)
- 普通不變的圖像,如logo,圖標(biāo)等
- js、css靜態(tài)文件
- 可下載的內(nèi)容,媒體文件
協(xié)商緩存(add_header ETag/Last-Modified value)
- html文件
- 經(jīng)常替換的圖片
- 經(jīng)常修改的js、css文件
- 基本不變的API接口
不需要緩存
- 用戶隱私等敏感數(shù)據(jù)
- 經(jīng)常改變的api數(shù)據(jù)接口
2.代理層緩存
//緩存路徑,inactive表示緩存的時(shí)間,到期之后將會(huì)把緩存清理
proxy_cache_path /data/cache/nginx/ levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache:512m inactive = 1d max_size=8g;
location / {
location ~ .(htm|html)?$ {
proxy_cache cache;
proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args; //以此變量值做HASH,作為KEY
//HTTP響應(yīng)首部可以看到X-Cache字段,內(nèi)容可以有HIT,MISS,EXPIRES等等
add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;
proxy_cache_valid any 1m;
proxy_pass http://real_server;
proxy_redirect off;
}
location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ {
root /data/webApps/edc;
expires 3d;
add_header Static Nginx-Proxy;
}
}
在本地磁盤創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件目錄,根據(jù)設(shè)置,將請(qǐng)求的資源以K-V形式緩存在此目錄當(dāng)中,KEY需要自己定義(這里用的是url的hash值),同時(shí)可以根據(jù)需要指定某內(nèi)容的緩存時(shí)長(zhǎng),比如狀態(tài)碼為200緩存10分鐘,狀態(tài)碼為301,302的緩存5分鐘,其他所有內(nèi)容緩存1分鐘等等。
可以通過purger的功能清理緩存。
AB測(cè)試/個(gè)性化需求時(shí)應(yīng)禁用掉瀏覽器緩存。
Nginx黑名單
1.一般配置
location / {
deny 192.168.1.1;
deny 192.168.1.0/24;
allow 10.1.1.0/16;
allow 2001:0db8::/32;
deny all;
}
2. Lua+redis動(dòng)態(tài)黑名單(OpenResty)
安裝運(yùn)行
yum install yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://openresty.org/package/centos/openresty.repo
yum install openresty
yum install openresty-resty
查看
yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="openresty" list available
運(yùn)行
service openresty start
配置(
/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf)
lua_shared_dict ip_blacklist 1m;
server {
listen 80;
location / {
access_by_lua_file lua/ip_blacklist.lua;
proxy_pass http://real_server;
}
}
lua腳本(ip_blacklist.lua)
local redis_host = "192.168.1.132"
local redis_port = 6379
local redis_pwd = 123456
local redis_db = 2
-- connection timeout for redis in ms.
local redis_connection_timeout = 100
-- a set key for blacklist entries
local redis_key = "ip_blacklist"
-- cache lookups for this many seconds
local cache_ttl = 60
-- end configuration
local ip = ngx.var.remote_addr
local ip_blacklist = ngx.shared.ip_blacklist
local last_update_time = ip_blacklist:get("last_update_time");
-- update ip_blacklist from Redis every cache_ttl seconds:
if last_update_time == nil or last_update_time < ( ngx.now() - cache_ttl ) then
local redis = require "resty.redis";
local red = redis:new();
red:set_timeout(redis_connect_timeout);
local ok, err = red:connect(redis_host, redis_port);
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Redis connection error while connect: " .. err);
else
local ok, err = red:auth(redis_pwd)
if not ok then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Redis password error while auth: " .. err);
else
local new_ip_blacklist, err = red:smembers(redis_key);
if err then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Redis read error while retrieving ip_blacklist: " .. err);
else
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Get data success:" .. new_ip_blacklist)
-- replace the locally stored ip_blacklist with the updated values:
ip_blacklist:flush_all();
for index, banned_ip in ipairs(new_ip_blacklist) do
ip_blacklist:set(banned_ip, true);
end
-- update time
ip_blacklist:set("last_update_time", ngx.now());
end
end
end
end
if ip_blacklist:get(ip) then
ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "Banned IP detected and refused access: " .. ip);
return ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
end
Nginx灰度發(fā)布
1.根據(jù)Cookie實(shí)現(xiàn)灰度發(fā)布
根據(jù)Cookie查詢version值,如果該version值為v1轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到host1,為v2轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到host2,都不匹配的情況下轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到默認(rèn)配置。
upstream host1 {
server 192.168.2.46:2001 weight=1; #輪詢服務(wù)器和訪問權(quán)重
server 192.168.2.46:2002 weight=2;
}
upstream host2 {
server 192.168.1.155:1111 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=60;
}
upstream default {
server 192.168.1.153:1111 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=60;
}
map $COOKIE_version $group {
~*v1$ host1;
~*v2$ host2;
default default;
}
lua_shared_dict ip_blacklist 1m;
server {
listen 80;
#set $group "default";
#if ($http_cookie ~* "version=v1"){
# set $group host1;
#}
#if ($http_cookie ~* "version=v2"){
# set $group host2;
#}
location / {
access_by_lua_file lua/ip_blacklist.lua;
proxy_pass http://$group;
}
}
2.根據(jù)來(lái)路IP實(shí)現(xiàn)灰度發(fā)布
server {
……………
set $group default;
if ($remote_addr ~ "192.168.119.1") {
set $group host1;
}
if ($remote_addr ~ "192.168.119.2") {
set $group host2;
}
3.更細(xì)粒度灰度發(fā)布
參考:
https://github.com/sunshinelyz/ABTestingGateway