在寫面向UDP連接的 socket 的通信程序時,我先總結歸納一些關于面向TCP和UDP連接的socket 通信程序的相關知識:
面向TCP連接的 socket 通信程序:
服務端:創(chuàng)建套接字,指定協(xié)議族(sockaddr_in),綁定,監(jiān)聽,接受連接,發(fā)送或接受數(shù)據(jù),關閉連接;
客戶端:創(chuàng)建套接字,指定協(xié)議族,連接(connect),發(fā)送或接受數(shù)據(jù),關閉連接;
TCP在接受數(shù)據(jù)時:write/send/sendto, read/recv/recvfrom都可以用, 通常會用send, recv;
但在面向UDP的socket程序中,發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時用sendto的話,就不用connect了,但是在面向TCP的程序中,在發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時,即使用sendto,也必須用connect
面向UDP連接的socket通信程序:
服務端:創(chuàng)建套接字,指定協(xié)議族(sockaddr_in),綁定(不需要listen和accept),發(fā)送或接收數(shù)據(jù);
客戶端:創(chuàng)建套接字,指定協(xié)議族,連接(和TCP的客戶端步驟一樣),發(fā)送或接受數(shù)據(jù);
UDP常用sendto,recvfrom; 注意:用sendto時,就不用connect了(用了也沒事),其他的(write, send)
必須用connect;
補充:1、無論是TCP還是UDP,默認情況下創(chuàng)建的都是阻塞模式的套接字,執(zhí)行到(accept,connect, write/send/sento,read/recv/recvfrom)等語句時,會一直等待(connect)有點列外,它連接一段時間,如果連接不成功,會以錯誤形式返回,不會一直等待
2、可以把socket設置成非阻塞模式, linux下用fcntl函數(shù),TCP和UDP設置成非阻塞模式以后,效果是一樣的,都不再等待而是立即返回
3、TCP面向連接, UDP面向無連接
TCP:客戶端退出程序時或斷開連接時,TCP的這個函數(shù)會立即返回不在阻塞(因為服務端自己知道客戶端已經退出或斷開連接,證明它是面向連接的)
UDP:始終保持阻塞(服務端不知道客戶端已經退出或斷開連接,證明它是面向無連接的)
4、TCP無邊界,UDP有邊界
TCP:客戶端連續(xù)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),只要服務端的這個函數(shù)的緩沖區(qū)足夠大,會一次性接收過來
(客戶端是分好幾次發(fā)過來,是有邊界的,而服務端卻一次性接收過來,所以證明是無邊界的)
UDP:客戶端連續(xù)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),即使服務端的這個函數(shù)的緩沖區(qū)足夠大,也只會一次一次的接收,客戶端分幾次發(fā)送過來,服務端就必須按幾次接收
補充:
1、socket()的參數(shù)不同
2、UDP Server不需要調用listen和accept
3、UDP收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)用sendto/recvfrom函數(shù)
4、UDP:shutdown函數(shù)無效
5、TCP:地址信息在connect/accept時確定 UDP:在sendto/recvfrom函數(shù)中每次均需指定地址信息Sendto()和recvfrom()用于在無連接的數(shù)據(jù)報socket方式下進行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。由于本地socket并沒有與遠端機器進行連接,所以在發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時應指明目的地址
下面就是我寫的利用UDP連接和多線程實現(xiàn)的客戶端之間的通信代碼:
服務器端:UdpServer.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PORT 8888
struct info
{
char buf[100];
int port;
};
int main()
{
int sockfd, length, ret, j, i = 0;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr[10] = {0};
struct sockaddr_in tmp_addr;
struct info RecvBuf = {0};
sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (-1 == sockfd)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = PORT;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.0.128");
ret = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
while (1)
{
length = sizeof(client_addr[0]);
ret = recvfrom(sockfd, &RecvBuf, sizeof(RecvBuf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&tmp_addr, &length);
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("recvfrom");
exit(1);
}
printf("Recv From Client %d : %sn", tmp_addr.sin_port, RecvBuf.buf);
if (0 == i)
{
client_addr[0].sin_family = tmp_addr.sin_family;
client_addr[0].sin_port = tmp_addr.sin_port;
client_addr[0].sin_addr.s_addr = tmp_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
i++;
}
else
{
for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
{
if (tmp_addr.sin_port == client_addr[j].sin_port)
{
break;
}
if (j == i - 1)
{
client_addr[i].sin_family = tmp_addr.sin_family;
client_addr[i].sin_port = tmp_addr.sin_port;
client_addr[i].sin_addr.s_addr = tmp_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
i++;
}
}
}
if (!strcmp(RecvBuf.buf, "bye"))
{
break;
}
strcat(RecvBuf.buf, "-server");
for(j = 0; j < i; j++)
{
if (RecvBuf.port == client_addr[j].sin_port)
{
break;
}
if (j == i - 1)
{
break;
}
}
ret = sendto(sockfd, &RecvBuf, sizeof(RecvBuf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr[j], sizeof(client_addr[0]));
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
exit(1);
}
memset(&RecvBuf, 0, sizeof(RecvBuf));
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
客戶端:UdpClient.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PORT 8888
struct info
{
char buf[100];
int port;
};
void *Send(void *arg)
{
struct info SendBuf = {0};
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
int ret;
bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = PF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = PORT;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.0.128");
while(1)
{
scanf("%s %d", SendBuf.buf, &SendBuf.port);
ret = sendto(*(int *)arg, &SendBuf, sizeof(SendBuf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("sendto");
exit(1);
}
if (!strcmp(SendBuf.buf, "bye"))
{
break;
}
bzero(&SendBuf, sizeof(SendBuf));
}
}
void *Recv(void *arg)
{
struct info RecvBuf = {0};
int length;
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
int ret;
while (1)
{
length = sizeof(server_addr);
ret = recvfrom(*(int *)arg, &RecvBuf, sizeof(RecvBuf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, &length);
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("recvfrom");
exit(1);
}
printf("Recv From Server : %sn", RecvBuf.buf);
}
}
int main()
{
int sockfd, ret, length;
struct info SendBuf = {0};
pthread_t tid[2];
sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (-1 == sockfd)
{
perror("sockt");
exit(1);
}
ret = pthread_create(&tid[0], NULL, Send, (void *)&sockfd);
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("pthread_create");
exit(1);
}
ret = pthread_create(&tid[1], NULL, Recv, (void *)&sockfd);
if (ret < 0)
{
perror("pthread_create");
exit(1);
}
pthread_join(tid[0], NULL);
pthread_join(tid[1], NULL);
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}