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SpringBoot接口頻繁超時,長時間找不到原因,我用 Arthas 定位到了SpringBoot接口頻繁超時,長時間找不到原因,我用 Arthas 定位到了

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SpringBoot接口頻繁超時,長時間找不到原因,我用 Arthas 定位到了

公司有個渠道系統,專門對接三方渠道使用,沒有什么業務邏輯,主要是轉換報文和參數校驗之類的工作,起著一個承上啟下的作用。

最近在優化接口的響應時間,優化了代碼之后,但是時間還是達不到要求;有一個詭異的100ms左右的耗時問題,在接口中打印了請求處理時間后,和調用方的響應時間還有差了100ms左右。比如程序里記錄150ms,但是調用方等待時間卻為250ms左右。

下面記錄下當時詳細的定位&解決流程(其實解決很簡單,關鍵在于怎么定位并找到解決問題的方法)

 

定位過程

分析代碼

渠道系統是一個常見的spring-boot web工程,使用了集成的Tomcat。分析了代碼之后,發現并沒有特殊的地方,沒有特殊的過濾器或者攔截器,所以初步排除是業務代碼問題

 

分析調用流程

出現這個問題之后,首先確認了下接口的調用流程。由于是內部測試,所以調用流程較少。

Nginx -反向代理-> 渠道系統

公司是云服務器,網絡走的也是云的內網。由于不明確問題的原因,所以用排除法,首先確認服務器網絡是否有問題。

先確認發送端到Nginx Host是否有問題:

[jboss@VM_0_139_centos ~]$ ping 10.0.0.139
PING 10.0.0.139 (10.0.0.139) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms

從ping結果上看,發送端到Nginx主機的延遲是無問題的,接下來查看Nginx到渠道系統的網絡。

# 由于日志是沒問題的,這里直接復制上面日志了
[jboss@VM_0_139_centos ~]$ ping 10.0.0.139
PING 10.0.0.139 (10.0.0.139) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.041 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms

從ping結果上看,Nginx到渠道系統服務器網絡延遲也是沒問題的

既然網絡看似沒問題,那么可以繼續排除法,砍掉Nginx,客戶端直接再渠道系統的服務器上,通過回環地址(localhost)直連,避免經過網卡/DNS,縮小問題范圍看看能否復現(這個應用和地址是我后期模擬的,測試的是一個空接口):

[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w "@curl-time.txt" http://127.0.0.1:7744/send
success
http: 200
dns: 0.001s
redirect: 0.000s
time_connect: 0.001s
time_Appconnect: 0.000s
time_pretransfer: 0.001s
time_starttransfer: 0.073s
size_download: 7bytes
speed_download: 95.000B/s
----------time_total: 0.073s 請求總耗時

從curl日志上看,通過回環地址調用一個空接口耗時也有73ms。這就奇怪了,跳過了中間所有調用節點(包括過濾器&攔截器之類),直接請求應用一個空接口,都有73ms的耗時,再請求一次看看:

[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w "@curl-time.txt" http://127.0.0.1:7744/send
success
http: 200
dns: 0.001s
redirect: 0.000s
time_connect: 0.001s
time_appconnect: 0.000s
time_pretransfer: 0.001s
time_starttransfer: 0.003s
size_download: 7bytes
speed_download: 2611.000B/s
----------time_total: 0.003s

更奇怪的是,第二次請求耗時就正常了,變成了3ms。經查閱資料,linux curl是默認開啟http keep-alive的。就算不開啟keep-alive,每次重新handshake,也不至于需要70ms。

經過不斷分析測試發現,連續請求的話時間就會很短,每次請求只需要幾毫秒,但是如果隔一段時間再請求,就會花費70ms以上。

從這個現象猜想,可能是某些緩存機制導致的,連續請求因為有緩存,所以速度快,時間長緩存失效后導致時間長。

那么這個問題點到底在哪一層呢?tomcat層還是spring-webmvc呢?

光猜想定位不了問題,還是得實際測試一下,把渠道系統的代碼放到本地ide里啟動測試能否復現

SpringBoot接口頻繁超時,長時間找不到原因,我用 Arthas 定位到了

但是導入本地Ide后,在Ide中啟動后并不能復現問題,并沒有70+ms的延遲問題。這下頭疼了,本地無法復現,不能Debug,由于問題點不在業務代碼,也不能通過加日志的方式來Debug

這時候可以祭出神器Arthas了

 

Arthas分析問題

Arthas 是Alibaba開源的Java診斷工具,深受開發者喜愛。當你遇到以下類似問題而束手無策時,Arthas可以幫助你解決:

  • 這個類從哪個 jar 包加載的?為什么會報各種類相關的 Exception?

  • 我改的代碼為什么沒有執行到?難道是我沒 commit?分支搞錯了?

  • 遇到問題無法在線上 debug,難道只能通過加日志再重新發布嗎?

  • 線上遇到某個用戶的數據處理有問題,但線上同樣無法 debug,線下無法重現!

  • 是否有一個全局視角來查看系統的運行狀況?

  • 有什么辦法可以監控到JVM的實時運行狀態?

上面是Arthas的官方簡介,這次我只需要用他的一個小功能trace。動態計算方法調用路徑和時間,這樣我就可以定位時間在哪個地方被消耗了。

  • trace 方法內部調用路徑,并輸出方法路徑上的每個節點上耗時

  • trace 命令能主動搜索 class-pattern/method-pattern

  • 對應的方法調用路徑,渲染和統計整個調用鏈路上的所有性能開銷和追蹤調用鏈路。

有了神器,那么該追蹤什么方法呢?由于我對Tomcat源碼不是很熟,所以只能從spring mvc下手,先來trace一下spring mvc的入口:

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet *
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:44) cost in 508 ms.
`---ts=2019-09-14 21:07:44;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-2;id=11;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917
`---[2.952142ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:buildLocaleContext
`---ts=2019-09-14 21:07:44;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-2;id=11;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917
`---[18.08903ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doService
+---[0.041346ms] org.Apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled#889
+---[0.022398ms] org.springframework.web.util.WebUtils:isIncludeRequest#898
+---[0.014904ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getWebApplicationContext#910
+---[1.071879ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute#910
+---[0.020977ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute#911
+---[0.017073ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute#912
+---[0.218277ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getThemeSource#913
| `---[0.137568ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getThemeSource
| `---[min=0.00783ms,max=0.014251ms,total=0.022081ms,count=2] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getWebApplicationContext#782
+---[0.019363ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute#913
+---[0.070694ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager:retrieveAndUpdate#916
+---[0.01839ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMap:<init>#920
+---[0.016943ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute#920
+---[0.015268ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute#921
+---[15.050124ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doDispatch#925
| `---[14.943477ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doDispatch
| +---[0.019135ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager#953
| +---[2.108373ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:checkMultipart#960
| | `---[2.004436ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:checkMultipart
| | `---[1.890845ms] org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver:isMultipart#1117
| +---[2.054361ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandler#964
| | `---[1.961963ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandler
| | +---[0.02051ms] java.util.List:iterator#1183
| | +---[min=0.003805ms,max=0.009641ms,total=0.013446ms,count=2] java.util.Iterator:hasNext#1183
| | +---[min=0.003181ms,max=0.009751ms,total=0.012932ms,count=2] java.util.Iterator:next#1183
| | +---[min=0.005841ms,max=0.015308ms,total=0.021149ms,count=2] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isTraceEnabled#1184
| | `---[min=0.474739ms,max=1.19145ms,total=1.666189ms,count=2] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping:getHandler#1188
| +---[0.013071ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler#971
| +---[0.372236ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandlerAdapter#971
| | `---[0.280073ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandlerAdapter
| | +---[0.004804ms] java.util.List:iterator#1224
| | +---[0.003668ms] java.util.Iterator:hasNext#1224
| | +---[0.003038ms] java.util.Iterator:next#1224
| | +---[0.006451ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isTraceEnabled#1225
| | `---[0.012683ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:supports#1228
| +---[0.012848ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:getMethod#974
| +---[0.013132ms] java.lang.String:equals#975
| +---[0.003025ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler#977
| +---[0.008095ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:getLastModified#977
| +---[0.006596ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled#978
| +---[0.018024ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest:<init>#981
| +---[0.017869ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest:checkNotModified#981
| +---[0.038542ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:applyPreHandle#986
| +---[0.00431ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler#991
| +---[4.248493ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:handle#991
| +---[0.014805ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted#993
| +---[1.444994ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:applyDefaultViewName#997
| | `---[0.067631ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:applyDefaultViewName
| +---[0.012027ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:applyPostHandle#998
| +---[0.373997ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:processDispatchResult#1008
| | `---[0.197004ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:processDispatchResult
| | +---[0.007074ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled#1075
| | +---[0.005467ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager#1081
| | +---[0.004054ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted#1081
| | `---[0.011988ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:triggerAfterCompletion#1087
| `---[0.004015ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted#1018
+---[0.005055ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager#928
`---[0.003422ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted#928

~

[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w "@curl-time.txt" http://127.0.0.1:7744/send
success
http: 200
dns: 0.001s
redirect: 0.000s
time_connect: 0.001s
time_appconnect: 0.000s
time_pretransfer: 0.001s
time_starttransfer: 0.115s
size_download: 7bytes
speed_download: 60.000B/s
----------time_total: 0.115s

本次調用,調用端時間花費115ms,但是從arthas trace上看,spring mvc只消耗了18ms,那么剩下的97ms去哪了呢?

本地測試后已經可以排除spring mvc的問題了,最后也是唯一可能出問題的點就是tomcat

可是本人并不熟悉tomcat中的源碼,就連請求入口都不清楚,tomcat里需要trace的類都不好找。。。

不過沒關系,有神器Arthas,可以通過stack命令來反向查找調用路徑,以org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet作為參數:

stack 輸出當前方法被調用的調用路徑

很多時候我們都知道一個方法被執行,但這個方法被執行的路徑非常多,或者你根本就不知道這個方法是從那里被執行了,此時你需要的是 stack 命令。

[arthas@24851]$ stack org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet *
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:44) cost in 495 ms.
ts=2019-09-14 21:15:19;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917
@org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequestat org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:866)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:851)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1468)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
ts=2019-09-14 21:15:19;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917
@org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doServiceat org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:974)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:866)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:851)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1468)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

從stack日志上可以很直觀的看出DispatchServlet的調用棧,那么這么長的路徑,該trace哪個類呢(這里跳過spring mvc中的過濾器的trace過程,實際排查的時候也trace了一遍,但這詭異的時間消耗不是由這里過濾器產生的)?

有一定經驗的老司機從名字上大概也能猜出來從哪里下手比較好,那就是org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service,從名字上看,http1.1處理器,這可能是一個比較好的切入點。下面來trace一下:

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor service
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 269 ms.
`---ts=2019-09-14 21:22:51;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-8;id=17;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418
`---[131.650285ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:service
+---[0.036851ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor#667
+---[0.009986ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage#668
+---[0.008928ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:setSocketWrapper#671
+---[0.013236ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:init#672
+---[0.00981ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11OutputBuffer:init#673
+---[min=0.00213ms,max=0.007317ms,total=0.009447ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState#683
+---[min=0.002098ms,max=0.008888ms,total=0.010986ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError#683
+---[min=0.002448ms,max=0.007149ms,total=0.009597ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync#683
+---[min=0.002399ms,max=0.00852ms,total=0.010919ms,count=2] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused#683
+---[min=0.033587ms,max=0.11832ms,total=0.151907ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:parseRequestLine#687
+---[0.005384ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused#695
+---[0.007924ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getMimeHeaders#702
+---[0.006744ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:getMaxHeaderCount#702
+---[0.012574ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders:setLimit#702
+---[0.14319ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:parseHeaders#703
+---[0.003997ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getMimeHeaders#743
+---[0.026561ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders:values#743
+---[min=0.002869ms,max=0.01203ms,total=0.014899ms,count=2] java.util.Enumeration:hasMoreElements#745
+---[0.070114ms] java.util.Enumeration:nextElement#746
+---[0.010921ms] java.lang.String:toLowerCase#746
+---[0.008453ms] java.lang.String:contains#746
+---[0.002698ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState#775
+---[0.00307ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError#775
+---[0.002708ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage#777
+---[0.171139ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:prepareRequest#779
+---[0.009349ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketWrapperBase:decrementKeepAlive#794
+---[0.002574ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState#800
+---[0.002696ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError#800
+---[0.002499ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage#802
+---[0.005641ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getAdapter#803
+---[129.868916ms] org.apache.coyote.Adapter:service#803
+---[0.003859ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState#809
+---[0.002365ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError#809
+---[0.003844ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync#809
+---[0.002382ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:getStatus#809
+---[0.002476ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:statusDropsConnection#809
+---[0.002284ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage#838
+---[0.00222ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync#839
+---[0.037873ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:endRequest#843
+---[0.002188ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage#845
+---[0.002112ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState#849
+---[0.002063ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError#849
+---[0.002504ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync#853
+---[0.009808ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:updateCounters#854
+---[0.002008ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState#855
+---[0.002192ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isIoAllowed#855
+---[0.01968ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:nextRequest#856
+---[0.010065ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11OutputBuffer:nextRequest#857
+---[0.002576ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage#870
+---[0.016599ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:processSendfile#872
+---[0.008182ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:getParsingRequestLinePhase#688
+---[0.0075ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:handleIncompleteRequestLineRead#690
+---[0.001979ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage#875
+---[0.001981ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState#877
+---[0.001934ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError#877
+---[0.001995ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused#877
+---[0.002403ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync#879
`---[0.006176ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isUpgrade#881

日志里有一個129ms的耗時點(時間比沒開arthas的時候更長是因為arthas本身帶來的性能消耗,所以生產環境小心使用),這個就是要找的問題點。

打問題點找到了,那怎么定位是什么導致的問題呢,又如何解決呢?

繼續trace吧,細化到具體的代碼塊或者內容。trace由于性能考慮,不會展示所有的調用路徑,如果調用路徑過深,只有手動深入trace,原則就是trace耗時長的那個方法:

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.coyote.Adapter service
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 608 ms.
`---ts=2019-09-14 21:34:33;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-1;id=10;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418
`---[81.70999ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter:service
+---[0.032546ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getNote#302
+---[0.007148ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:getNote#303
+---[0.007475ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getXpoweredBy#324
+---[0.00447ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor#331
+---[0.007902ms] java.lang.ThreadLocal:get#331
+---[0.006522ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setWorkerThreadName#331
+---[73.793798ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter:postParseRequest#336
+---[0.001536ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getService#339
+---[0.004469ms] org.apache.catalina.Service:getContainer#339
+---[0.007074ms] org.apache.catalina.Engine:getPipeline#339
+---[0.004334ms] org.apache.catalina.Pipeline:isAsyncSupported#339
+---[0.002466ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:setAsyncSupported#339
+---[6.01E-4ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getService#342
+---[0.001859ms] org.apache.catalina.Service:getContainer#342
+---[9.65E-4ms] org.apache.catalina.Engine:getPipeline#342
+---[0.005231ms] org.apache.catalina.Pipeline:getFirst#342
+---[7.239154ms] org.apache.catalina.Valve:invoke#342
+---[0.006904ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:isAsync#345
+---[0.00509ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:finishRequest#372
+---[0.051461ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Response:finishResponse#373
+---[0.007244ms] java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean:<init>#379
+---[0.007314ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:action#380
+---[0.004518ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:isAsyncCompleting#382
+---[0.001072ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:getContext#394
+---[0.007166ms] java.lang.System:currentTimeMillis#401
+---[0.004367ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getStartTime#401
+---[0.011483ms] org.apache.catalina.Context:logAccess#401
+---[0.0014ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor#406
+---[min=8.0E-4ms,max=9.22E-4ms,total=0.001722ms,count=2] java.lang.Integer:<init>#406
+---[0.001082ms] java.lang.reflect.Method:invoke#406
+---[0.001851ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setWorkerThreadName#406
+---[0.035805ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:recycle#410
`---[0.007849ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Response:recycle#411

一段無聊的手動深入trace之后………………

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractArchiveResourceSet getArchiveEntries
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.Affect(class-cnt:4 , method-cnt:2) cost in 150 ms.
`---ts=2019-09-14 21:36:26;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-3;id=12;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418
`---[75.743681ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:getArchiveEntries
+---[0.025731ms] java.util.HashMap:<init> #106
+---[0.097729ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:openJarFile #109
+---[0.091037ms] java.util.jar.JarFile:getJarEntry #110
+---[0.096325ms] java.util.jar.JarFile:getInputStream #111
+---[0.451916ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:<init> #113
+---[min=0.001175ms,max=0.001176ms,total=0.002351ms,count=2] java.lang.Integer:<init> #114
+---[0.00104ms] java.lang.reflect.Method:invoke #114
+---[0.045105ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry #114
+---[min=5.02E-4ms,max=0.008531ms,total=0.028864ms,count=31] java.util.jar.JarEntry:getName #116
+---[min=5.39E-4ms,max=0.022805ms,total=0.054647ms,count=31] java.util.HashMap:put #116
+---[min=0.004452ms,max=34.479307ms,total=74.206249ms,count=31] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry #117
+---[0.018358ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getManifest #119
+---[0.006429ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:setManifest #120
+---[0.010904ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.JreCompat:isJre9Available #121
+---[0.003307ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getMetaInfEntry #133
+---[5.5E-4ms] java.util.jar.JarEntry:getName #135
+---[6.42E-4ms] java.util.HashMap:put #135
+---[0.001981ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getManifestEntry #137
+---[0.064484ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:close #141
+---[0.007961ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:closeJarFile #151
`---[0.004643ms] java.io.InputStream:close #155

發現了一個值得暫停思考的點:

+---[min=0.004452ms,max=34.479307ms,total=74.206249ms,count=31] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry #117

這行代碼加載了31次,一共耗時74ms;從名字上看,應該是tomcat加載jar包時的耗時,那么是加載了31個jar包的耗時,還是加載了jar包內的某些資源31次耗時呢?

TomcatJarInputStream這個類源碼的注釋寫到:

The purpose of this sub-class is to obtain references to the JarEntry objects for META-INF/ and META-INF/MANIFEST.MF that are otherwise swallowed by the JarInputStream implementation.

大概意思也就是,獲取jar包內META-INF/,META-INF/MANIFEST的資源,這是一個子類,更多的功能在父類JarInputStream里。

其實看到這里大概也能猜到問題了,tomcat加載jar包內META-INF/,META-INF/MANIFEST的資源導致的耗時,至于為什么連續請求不會耗時,應該是tomcat的緩存機制(下面介紹源碼分析)

不著急定位問題,試著通過Arthas最終定位問題細節,繼續手動深入trace

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream *
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:4) cost in 44 ms.
`---ts=2019-09-14 21:37:47;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418
`---[0.234952ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:createZipEntry
+---[0.039455ms] java.util.jar.JarInputStream:createZipEntry #43
`---[0.007827ms] java.lang.String:equals #44
`---ts=2019-09-14 21:37:47;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418
`---[0.050222ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:createZipEntry
+---[0.001889ms] java.util.jar.JarInputStream:createZipEntry #43
`---[0.001643ms] java.lang.String:equals #46
#這里一共31個trace日志,刪減了剩下的

從方法名上看,還是加載資源之類的意思。都已經到jdk源碼了,這時候來看一下TomcatJarInputStream這個類的源碼:

/**
* Creates a new <code>JarEntry</code> (<code>ZipEntry</code>) for the
* specified JAR file entry name. The manifest attributes of
* the specified JAR file entry name will be copied to the new
* <CODE>JarEntry</CODE>.
*
* @param name the name of the JAR/ZIP file entry
* @return the <code>JarEntry</code> object just created
*/
protected ZipEntry createZipEntry(String name) {
JarEntry e = new JarEntry(name);
if (man != ) {
e.attr = man.getAttributes(name);}return e;
}

這個createZipEntry有個name參數,從注釋上看,是jar/zip文件名,如果能得到文件名這種關鍵信息,就可以直接定位問題了;還是通過Arthas,使用watch命令,動態監測方法調用數據

watch方法執行數據觀測

讓你能方便的觀察到指定方法的調用情況。能觀察到的范圍為:返回值、拋出異常、入參,通過編寫 OGNL 表達式進行對應變量的查看。

watch 該方法的入參

[arthas@24851]$ watch org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream createZipEntry "{params[0]}"
Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.
Affect(class-cnt:1 , method-cnt:1) cost in 27 ms.
ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.14547ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.048028ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/MANIFEST.MF],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.046071ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.033855ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/swagger-ui.html],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.039138ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.033701ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.033644ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/favicon-16x16.png],
]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.033976ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/springfox.css],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.032818ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js.map],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.04651ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui.css],]ts=2019-09-14 21:51:14; [cost=0.034793ms] result=@ArrayList[
@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui.js.map],

這下直接看到了具體加載的資源名,這么熟悉的名字:swagger-ui,一個國外的rest接口文檔工具,又有國內開發者基于swagger-ui做了一套spring mvc的集成工具,通過注解就可以自動生成swagger-ui需要的接口定義json文件,用起來還比較方便,就是侵入性較強。

刪除swagger的jar包后問題,詭異的70+ms就消失了

<!--pom 里刪除這兩個引用,這兩個包時國內開發者封裝的,swagger-ui并沒有提供java spring-mvc的支持包,swagger只是一個瀏覽器端的ui+editor -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency>

那么為什么swagger會導致請求耗時呢,為什么每次請求偶讀會加載swagger內部的靜態資源呢?

其實這是tomcat-embed的一個bug吧,下面詳細介紹一下該Bug

 

Tomcat embed Bug分析&解決

源碼分析過程實在太漫長,而且也不是本文的重點,所以就不介紹了, 下面直接介紹下分析結果

順便貼一張tomcat處理請求的核心類圖

SpringBoot接口頻繁超時,長時間找不到原因,我用 Arthas 定位到了

 

為什么每次請求會加載Jar包內的靜態資源

關鍵在于org.apache.catalina.mapper.Mapper#internalMapWrapper這個方法,該版本下處理請求的方式有問題,導致每次都校驗靜態資源。

 

為什么連續請求不會出現問題

因為Tomcat對于這種靜態資源的解析是有緩存的,優先從緩存查找,緩存過期后再重新解析。具體參考org.apache.catalina.webresources.Cache,默認過期時間ttl是5000ms。

 

為什么本地不會復現

其實確切的說,是通過spring-boot打包插件后不能復現。由于啟動方式的不同,tomcat使用了不同的類去處理靜態資源,所以沒問題

 

如何解決

升級tomcat-embed版本即可

當前出現Bug的版本為:

spring-boot:2.0.2.RELEASE,內置的tomcat embed版本為8.5.31

升級tomcat embed版本至8.5.40+即可解決此問題,新版本已經修復了

 

通過替換springboot pom properties方式

如果項目是maven是繼承的springboot,即parent配置為springboot的,或者dependencyManagement中import spring boot包的

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

pom中直接覆蓋properties即可:

<properties>
<tomcat.version>8.5.40</tomcat.version>
</properties>

 

升級spring boot版本

springboot 2.1.0.RELEASE中的tomcat embed版本已經大于8.5.31了,所以直接將springboot升級至該版本及以上版本就可以解決此問題

來源 | https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000020383866

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