Python/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>Python
關(guān)于Python，相信很多人都有所耳聞。經(jīng)過近三十年的發(fā)展，再加上近幾年AI的興起，Python作為一種科學(xué)語言的流行程度急劇上升。而Python語法簡單、語句清晰的特點，可以讓程序員把精力集中在業(yè)務(wù)邏輯上，減輕我們的壓力。畢竟人生苦短，我用Python。看看Python之父--Guido van Rossum的發(fā)量，在對比下JAVA之父——James Gosling。。。
Python之父
Java之父
開發(fā)環(huán)境
- Python3.6.5
- pip(Python包管理工具，Python3.4以上版本都會自帶)
- 一個順手的編輯器（像這種一百多行代碼的小工具，隨便一個編輯器都可以，推薦vsCode，畢竟微軟大法好）
需求分析
我們需要做一個下載文件并壓縮保存的小工具，最好能多個目的地址同時下載。所以我們會用到以下功能：
- ftp（引入paramiko包，Python支持ftp的包）
- threading（Python對多線程支持的包）
- 配置文件（需要引入json包，來解析json格式的配置文件，json格式簡單明了而且解析方便，所以選擇json格式配置文件）
- os(要操作目錄)
- 需要記錄日志（logging，Python日志相關(guān)的包）
- zipfile（Python壓縮zip文件需要用到的包）
開始擼代碼
引入必要的包
import paramiko
import threading
import json
import os
import sys from stat
import S_ISDIR as isdir
import logging
import zipfile
import time
獲取ftp連接
#建立連接，獲取sftp句柄
def sftp_connect(username,password,host,port):
global logger
client = None
sftp = None
try:
client = paramiko.Transport((host,port))
except Exception as error:
logger.error(error)
else:
try:
client.connect(username=username, password=password)
except Exception as error:
logger.error(error)
else:
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(client)
return client,sftp
斷開ftp連接
#斷開連接
def disconnect(client):
global logger
try:
client.close()
except Exception as error:
logger.error(error)
def check_local(localPath):
global logger
if not os.path.exists(localPath):
try:
os.mkdir(localPath)
except IOError as err:
logger.error(err)
從ftp服務(wù)器下載文件
#下載方法
def downLoad(client, sftp, remote, local):
global logger
#檢查遠程文件
try:
result = sftp.stat(remote)
except IOError as err:
error = '[ERROR %s] %s: %s' %(err.errno,os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(remote)),err.strerror)
logger.error(error)
else:
if isdir(result.st_mode):
dirname = os.path.basename(os.path.normpath(remote))
local = os.path.join(local, dirname)
#local = local.replace("\","/")
check_local(local)
for file in sftp.listdir(remote):
sub_remote = os.path.join(remote, file)
sub_remote = sub_remote.replace("\","/")
downLoad(client, sftp,sub_remote,local)
else:
if os.path.isdir(local):
local = os.path.join(local, os.path.basename(remote))
try:
sftp.get(remote, local)
except IOError as err:
logger.error(err)
else:
logger.info('[get] %s %s %s', remote, '==>', local)
lock.acquire()
global finish
finish += 1
lock.release()
logger.info('已下載 [%d] 個文件', finish)
壓縮文件
#壓縮文件
def writeAllFileToZip(absDir,zipFile):
global logger
for f in os.listdir(absDir):
absFile=os.path.join(absDir,f) #子文件的絕對路徑
if os.path.isdir(absFile): #判斷是文件夾，繼續(xù)深度讀取。
zipFile.write(absFile) #在zip文件中創(chuàng)建文件夾
logger.info('寫入 %s 到壓縮包 %s 成功', absFile, zipFile.filename)
writeAllFileToZip(absFile,zipFile) #遞歸操作
else: #判斷是普通文件，直接寫到zip文件中。
zipFile.write(absFile)
logger.info('寫入 %s 到壓縮包 %s 成功', absFile, zipFile.filename)
return
主方法（程序入口）
if __name__ == "__main__":
#日志
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format ='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
logger = logging.getLogger()
logFormatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler = logging.FileHandler("log.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
handler.setFormatter(logFormatter)
console = logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
console.setFormatter(logFormatter)
logger.addHandler(handler)
#logger.addHandler(console)
#鎖
lock = threading.Lock()
#條件
finish = 0
#讀取配置文件
configFile = open('config.json')
configs = json.loads(configFile.read())
configFile.close()
logger.info('工作目錄：%s', configs['workDir'])
#檢查本地工作目錄（父目錄）
check_local(configs['workDir'])
threadList = []
for config in configs['threads']:
logger.info("=======================配置信息 start=============================")
logger.info("HostAddress %s",config['HostAddress'])
logger.info('Port %s', config['Port'])
logger.info('Username %s',config['Username'])
logger.info('Password %s',config['Password'])
logger.info('RemotePath %s',config['RemotePath'])
logger.info('LocalPath %s',config['LocalPath'])
logger.info("=======================配置信息 end=============================")
client,sftp = sftp_connect(config['Username'],config['Password'],config['HostAddress'],config['Port'])
#創(chuàng)建本地目錄
check_local(config['LocalPath'])
#多線程
t = threading.Thread(target=downLoad, args=(client, sftp, config['RemotePath'], config['LocalPath']))
t.start()
threadList.Append(t)
#單線程
#downLoad(client, sftp, config['RemotePath'], config['LocalPath'])
for t in threadList:
t.join()
#壓縮
# while threading.active_count() == 1:
logger.info('=======================準備開始壓縮==========================')
#time.sleep(3)
logger.info('==========================開始壓縮。。。==========================')
check_local(configs['zipDir'])
zipFilePath = os.path.join(configs['zipDir'], configs['zipName'] + '.zip')
zipFile = zipfile.ZipFile(zipFilePath, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED, allowZip64=True)
absZipFileDir = configs['workDir']
writeAllFileToZip(absZipFileDir, zipFile)
logger.info('==========================壓縮完成==========================')
#保留終端
print("Press Enter to continue ...")
input()
配置文件
{
"workDir": "F:/temp",
"zipDir": "F:/result",
"zipName": "rrrr",
"threads": [{
"HostAddress": "10.7.5.69",
"Port": 22,
"Username": "ftpuser",
"Password": "ftpuser",
"RemotePath": "/app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019",
"LocalPath": "F:/temp/1"
},
{
"HostAddress": "10.7.5.69",
"Port": 22,
"Username": "ftpuser",
"Password": "ftpuser",
"RemotePath": "/app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019",
"LocalPath": "F:/temp/2"
},
{
"HostAddress": "10.7.5.69",
"Port": 22,
"Username": "ftpuser",
"Password": "ftpuser",
"RemotePath": "/app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019",
"LocalPath": "F:/temp/3"
}
]
}
源碼講解
這里我們做的其實是一個Python腳本，像是shell腳本。程序入口在主方法，進入主方法后我們干了幾件事：
聲明日志，固定了日志輸出的格式、日志等級和輸出日志的目的地（日志文件和終端）。輸出日志到日志文件用于保存日志，便于日后查看，輸出到終端是讓用戶及時了解程序在做什么，做到什么程度了。
聲明一個鎖。這個所是為了下載文件計數(shù)，保證下載文件時，只有一個線程可以操作變量finish。
讀取配置文件。想要開始執(zhí)行，得先獲取咱們的配置文件，讓程序知道它連接那一臺服務(wù)器，下載哪個目錄下的文件到本地哪個目錄，等等……
檢查本地工作目錄。為了減少用戶配置的錯誤，避免他/她配了一個不存在的地址導(dǎo)致程序找不到目錄而引發(fā)錯誤，所以我們要判斷目錄是否存在，是否需要創(chuàng)建目錄。
根據(jù)配置文件threads中的配置，循環(huán)創(chuàng)建線程，完成讀取本線程需要的配置文件、連接ftp、下載文件的操作。
壓縮文件。拼接文件目錄，保證壓縮文件的目錄關(guān)系不變，調(diào)用壓縮文件方法。
美化結(jié)束動作，如果沒有這一步，程序跑完就會關(guān)閉當(dāng)前終端，導(dǎo)致用戶無法了解程序是跑完了，還是中間出了問題關(guān)閉了。輸出一段文字告訴用戶可以按Enter來結(jié)束程序，并且用input()監(jiān)聽用戶的輸入，達到保留終端的效果。
查看日志文件
2020-01-19 13:35:33,253 - root - INFO - 工作目錄： F:/temp
2020-01-19 13:35:33,254 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 start=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:33,256 - root - INFO - HostAddress 10.7.5.69
2020-01-19 13:35:33,257 - root - INFO - Port 22
2020-01-19 13:35:33,258 - root - INFO - Username ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:33,259 - root - INFO - Password ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:33,260 - root - INFO - RemotePath /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019
2020-01-19 13:35:33,260 - root - INFO - LocalPath F:/temp/1
2020-01-19 13:35:33,261 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 end=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:33,290 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_5.5)
2020-01-19 13:35:33,638 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Authentication (password) successful!
2020-01-19 13:35:33,656 - paramiko.transport.sftp - INFO - [chan 0] Opened sftp connection (server version 3)
2020-01-19 13:35:33,659 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 start=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:33,660 - root - INFO - HostAddress 10.7.5.69
2020-01-19 13:35:33,661 - root - INFO - Port 22
2020-01-19 13:35:33,661 - root - INFO - Username ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:33,662 - root - INFO - Password ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:33,663 - root - INFO - RemotePath /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019
2020-01-19 13:35:33,664 - root - INFO - LocalPath F:/temp/2
2020-01-19 13:35:33,665 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 end=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:33,680 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_5.5)
2020-01-19 13:35:33,987 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019222 ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222
2020-01-19 13:35:33,987 - root - INFO - 已下載 [1] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,011 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201922 ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922
2020-01-19 13:35:34,012 - root - INFO - 已下載 [2] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,032 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Authentication (password) successful!
2020-01-19 13:35:34,047 - paramiko.transport.sftp - INFO - [chan 0] Opened sftp connection (server version 3)
2020-01-19 13:35:34,050 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 start=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:34,051 - root - INFO - HostAddress 10.7.5.69
2020-01-19 13:35:34,052 - root - INFO - Port 22
2020-01-19 13:35:34,052 - root - INFO - Username ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:34,053 - root - INFO - Password ftpuser
2020-01-19 13:35:34,054 - root - INFO - RemotePath /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019
2020-01-19 13:35:34,055 - root - INFO - LocalPath F:/temp/3
2020-01-19 13:35:34,056 - root - INFO - =======================配置信息 end=============================
2020-01-19 13:35:34,060 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/tmp001.xls ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls
2020-01-19 13:35:34,071 - root - INFO - 已下載 [3] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,072 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_5.5)
2020-01-19 13:35:34,095 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019111 ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111
2020-01-19 13:35:34,096 - root - INFO - 已下載 [4] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,118 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019222 ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222
2020-01-19 13:35:34,118 - root - INFO - 已下載 [5] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,123 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201911 ==> F:/temp/1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911
2020-01-19 13:35:34,124 - root - INFO - 已下載 [6] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,258 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201922 ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922
2020-01-19 13:35:34,258 - root - INFO - 已下載 [7] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,449 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/tmp001.xls ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls
2020-01-19 13:35:34,450 - root - INFO - 已下載 [8] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,464 - paramiko.transport - INFO - Authentication (password) successful!
2020-01-19 13:35:34,479 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019111 ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111
2020-01-19 13:35:34,480 - root - INFO - 已下載 [9] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,480 - paramiko.transport.sftp - INFO - [chan 0] Opened sftp connection (server version 3)
2020-01-19 13:35:34,508 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201911 ==> F:/temp/2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911
2020-01-19 13:35:34,509 - root - INFO - 已下載 [10] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,552 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019222 ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222
2020-01-19 13:35:34,552 - root - INFO - 已下載 [11] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,576 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201922 ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922
2020-01-19 13:35:34,576 - root - INFO - 已下載 [12] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,624 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/tmp001.xls ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls
2020-01-19 13:35:34,624 - root - INFO - 已下載 [13] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,649 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_2019111 ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111
2020-01-19 13:35:34,649 - root - INFO - 已下載 [14] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,675 - root - INFO - [get] /app/ftpuser/100_OrdMember_2019/100_OrdMember_201911 ==> F:/temp/3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911
2020-01-19 13:35:34,675 - root - INFO - 已下載 [15] 個文件
2020-01-19 13:35:34,677 - root - INFO - =======================準備開始壓縮==========================
2020-01-19 13:35:34,678 - root - INFO - ==========================開始壓縮。。。==========================
2020-01-19 13:35:34,682 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp1 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,684 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,686 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,696 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,698 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,700 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,702 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,716 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp1100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,717 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp2 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,718 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,720 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,723 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,738 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,740 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,742 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,745 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp2100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,768 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp3 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,770 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,772 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,774 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201922 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,776 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019222 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,790 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_201911 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,792 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019100_OrdMember_2019111 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,794 - root - INFO - 寫入 F:/temp3100_OrdMember_2019tmp001.xls 到壓縮包 F:/resultrrrr.zip 成功
2020-01-19 13:35:34,794 - root - INFO - ==========================壓縮完成==========================
使用pyinstaller打包
pyinstaller -F -i .downRecordFile.ico recoderFileDownload.py
使用Python32位pyinstaller出來的是運行于32位windows操作系統(tǒng)的程序，Python64位則適用于64位Windows操作系統(tǒng)。
