這個是實現結果，因為一天只能取消三次，所以最后一步點擊確認被我注釋了

1.首先實現使用selenium登陸12306

關于使用selenium實現12306登陸可以看我的另一篇文章這里實現了使用selenium登陸12306，這次是基于上次的代碼進行修改實現全自動購買車票的實現全自動登陸12306鏈接

2.根據上面實現登陸后，實現購買火車票還需兩步

這里只進行了二等座的查詢和購票，想要買其他的自己也可以進行修改 1.進行車票的查詢這里面需要注意的是在輸入目的地和起始地時需要先click一下文本框browser.find_element_by_id(‘fromStationText’).click() 不然輸入的地址無效還有將日期的只讀屬性去掉

def search_railway_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date):
	# 火車票頁面查詢url
    search_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc'
    # 轉到查詢車次頁面
    browser.get(search_url)
    time.sleep(2)
    #輸入出發地
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'fromStationText'))
    )
    #先點擊一下
    browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').click()
    browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').send_keys(fromstation)
    browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    time.sleep(1)
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'toStationText'))
    )
    #輸入目的地
    browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').click()
    browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').send_keys(tostation)
    browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    time.sleep(5)
    #將日期的只讀屬性去掉
    js = 'document.getElementById("train_date").removeAttribute("readonly")'
    browser.execute_script(js)
    #去掉原本的時間
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'train_date'))
    )
    browser.find_element_by_id("train_date").clear()
    #輸入出發時間
    browser.find_element_by_id('train_date').send_keys(train_date)
    # 等待查詢按鈕是否可用
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'query_ticket'))
    )
    searBtn = browser.find_element_by_id('query_ticket')
    searBtn.click()
    print('點擊按鈕')

2.購買火車票在這個函數中需要注意的是最好把最后一步注釋掉 browser.find_element_by_id(‘qr_submit_id’).click() 因為一天只能取消3次訂單

def buy_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date,train_number,passenger):

    #查詢火車票
    search_railway_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date)
    time.sleep(5)
    #獲取每一個車次的信息
    tr_list = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('.//tbody[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr[not(@datatran)]')
    for tr in tr_list:
    	#獲取車次號
        number = tr.find_element_by_class_name('number').text
        if number in  train_number:
        	#獲取是否還有票
            left_ticket = tr.find_element_by_xpath('./td[4]').text
            if left_ticket =='有'or left_ticket.isdigit:
                print(f'{number}還有票')
                #點擊預訂
                orderBtn = tr.find_element_by_class_name('btn72')
                orderBtn.click()
                time.sleep(5)
                #獲取12306中乘客的信息
                passenger_list = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="normal_passenger_id"]/li')
                for li in passenger_list:
                    name = li.find_element_by_xpath('./label').text
                    print(name)
                    #配對12306人名
                    if name == passenger:
                        li.find_element_by_tag_name('input').click()
                #提交訂單
                submit = browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id')
                submit.click()
                WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
                    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'qr_submit_id'))
                )
                #一天只能取消3次 所以最好把最后一步注釋了
                browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
                print('已經提交訂單')
                break

下面是源代碼

測試的時候可以把#click_captcha()這個點擊驗證碼的去掉自己手動點擊，這樣就不用扣超級鷹的積分（有錢的話當我沒說），留下了貧窮的淚水。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
from PIL import Image
import requests
from hashlib import md5
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
#驗證碼識別處理
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class Chaojiying_Client(object):

    def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):
        self.username = username
        password =  password.encode('utf8')
        self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()
        self.soft_id = soft_id
        self.base_params = {
            'user': self.username,
            'pass2': self.password,
            'softid': self.soft_id,
        }
        self.headers = {
            'Connection': 'Keep-Alive',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',
        }

    def PostPic(self, im, codetype):
        """
        im: 圖片字節
        codetype: 題目類型 參考 http://www.chaojiying.com/price.html
        """
        params = {
            'codetype': codetype,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.NET/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

    def ReportError(self, im_id):
        """
        im_id:報錯題目的圖片ID
        """
        params = {
            'id': im_id,
        }
        params.update(self.base_params)
        r = requests.post('http://upload.chaojiying.net/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)
        return r.json()

def login(username,password):
    # 填寫賬號密碼
    browser.find_element_by_id('J-userName').send_keys(username)
    browser.find_element_by_id('J-password').send_keys(password)

    # 獲取驗證碼
    get_captcha()

    # 填寫驗證碼
    click_captcha()

    #點擊登錄
    time.sleep(4)
    browser.find_element_by_id('J-login').click()
    time.sleep(4)

    #滑動驗證碼
    slider()

    print('成功登陸')
    time.sleep(5)

def slider():
    #滑動驗證碼
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="nc_1_n1z"]'))
    )
    span = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="nc_1_n1z"]')
    # 對div_tag進行滑動操作
    action = ActionChains(browser)
    # 點擊長按指定的標簽
    action.click_and_hold(span).perform()
    action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(span, 400, 0).perform()

def click_captcha():
    # 獲取驗證碼需要的為點擊位置
    chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('自己的用戶名', '密碼', '軟件id')  # 用戶中心>>軟件ID 生成一個替換 96001
    im = open('./captcha.png', 'rb').read()  # 本地圖片文件路徑 來替換 a.jpg 有時WIN系統須要//
    location = chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004)['pic_str']  # 1902 驗證碼類型  官方網站>>價格體系 3.4+版 print 后要加()
    print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 9004))
    # 將位置進行分割成    [  [  ], [ ], [ ]  ]類型
    location_list = [i.split(',') for i in location.split('|')]
    for l in location_list:
        x = l[0]
        y = l[1]
        ActionChains(browser).move_to_element_with_offset(browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-pwd-code'), int(x),int(y)).click().perform()
        time.sleep(0.5)

def get_captcha():
    # 獲取網頁的截圖
    allscreen = browser.get_screenshot_as_file('allscreen.png')
    # 獲取captcha
    captcha = browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-pwd-code')
    # 獲取captcha的左上角位置
    location = captcha.location
    # 獲取圖片大小
    size = captcha.size
    # 裁取captcha
    rangle = (location['x'],location['y'],(location['x']+size['width']),(location['y']+size['height']))
    i = Image.open('./allscreen.png')
    captcha_img = './captcha.png'
    frame = i.crop(rangle)
    frame.save(captcha_img)

def buy_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date,train_number,passenger):

    #查詢火車票
    search_railway_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date)
    time.sleep(5)
    tr_list = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('.//tbody[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr[not(@datatran)]')
    for tr in tr_list:
        number = tr.find_element_by_class_name('number').text
        if number in  train_number:
            left_ticket = tr.find_element_by_xpath('./td[4]').text
            if left_ticket =='有'or left_ticket.isdigit:
                print(f'{number}還有票')
                orderBtn = tr.find_element_by_class_name('btn72')
                orderBtn.click()
                time.sleep(5)
                passenger_list = browser.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="normal_passenger_id"]/li')
                for li in passenger_list:
                    name = li.find_element_by_xpath('./label').text
                    if name == passenger:
                        li.find_element_by_tag_name('input').click()
                submit = browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id')
                submit.click()
                WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
                    EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'qr_submit_id'))
                )
                #一天只能取消3次 所以把最后一步注釋了
                # browser.find_element_by_id('qr_submit_id').click()
                print('已經提交訂單')
                break

def search_railway_ticket(fromstation,tostation,train_date):
    # 火車票頁面查詢url
    search_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init?linktypeid=dc'
    # 轉到查詢車次頁面
    browser.get(search_url)
    time.sleep(2)
    #輸入出發地
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'fromStationText'))
    )
    #先點擊一下
    browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').click()
    browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').send_keys(fromstation)
    browser.find_element_by_id('fromStationText').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    time.sleep(1)
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'toStationText'))
    )
    #輸入目的地
    browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').click()
    browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').send_keys(tostation)
    browser.find_element_by_id('toStationText').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    time.sleep(5)
    #將日期的只讀屬性去掉
    js = 'document.getElementById("train_date").removeAttribute("readonly")'
    browser.execute_script(js)
    #去掉原本的時間
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'train_date'))
    )
    browser.find_element_by_id("train_date").clear()
    #輸入出發時間
    browser.find_element_by_id('train_date').send_keys(train_date)
    # 等待查詢按鈕是否可用
    WebDriverWait(browser, 1000).until(
        EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'query_ticket'))
    )
    searBtn = browser.find_element_by_id('query_ticket')
    searBtn.click()
    print('點擊按鈕')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    option = ChromeOptions()  # 實例化一個ChromeOptions對象
    option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])  # 以鍵值對的形式加入參數
    option.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)

    browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=option)
    # 獲取響應
    browser.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
    script = 'Object.defineProperty(navigator,"webdriver",{get:()=>undefined,});'
    browser.execute_script(script)
    browser.maximize_window()
    time.sleep(1)

    # 點擊賬號登陸
    browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-hd-account').click()
    #登陸12306的賬號密碼
    login('用戶名','密碼')
    time.sleep(4)
    #例buy_ticket('南昌','撫州北','2020-12-15','D2241','xx')
    buy_ticket('起始地','目的地','出發日期','車次','姓名')

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