@Author :By Runsen
今天的筆記主要是關(guān)于linux操作系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)的相關(guān)知識(shí)。
1、?絡(luò)管理
1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)查看
在Linux中經(jīng)常使用ifconfig,route和netstat查看網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài),它們就是. net-tools工具,下面我來(lái)使用下。
我就說(shuō)下ifconfig和route
在我們的linux中有很多網(wǎng)卡接口,比如eth0第一塊網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口,eno1板載?網(wǎng)卡, ens33 PCI-E?網(wǎng)卡 。centos 7 使?用了?致性?絡(luò)設(shè)備命名,以上都不匹配,則使? eth0
[root@node01 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: error fetching interface information: Device not found
[root@node01 ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.92.90 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.92.255
inet6 fe80::b889:1772:c306:ef8f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:07:43:5a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 910 bytes 954985 (932.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 450 bytes 38942 (38.0 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置文件
ifcfg-eth0,/etc/hosts
在配置hadoop,elasticsearch集群的時(shí)候需要在/etc/hosts配置集群IP和主機(jī)名,有時(shí)候你ping不了百度,可能域名解析不了,需要在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0配置
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
#########
HOSTNAME=node01
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
#########
192.168.92.90 node01
192.168.92.91 node02
192.168.92.92 node03
[root@node01 ~]# 配置DNS,域名解析服務(wù)
[root@node01 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DNS1=202.106.0.20
DNS2=8.8.8.8
1.3 ?絡(luò)故障排除命令
第一,ping百度:查看目標(biāo)機(jī)器的網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否可通
maoli@ubuntu:~$ ping baidu.com
PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=49.6 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=48.2 ms
^C
--- baidu.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 48.223/48.948/49.673/0.725 ms
traceroute
nslookup:nslookup www.baidu.com Server即為域名對(duì)應(yīng)的ip
maoli@ubuntu:~$ nslookup www.baidu.com
Server: 127.0.1.1
Address: 127.0.1.1#53
Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 182.61.200.6
Name: www.a.shifen.com
Address: 182.61.200.7
telnet:如果ip是可達(dá)的,但是服務(wù)仍有然有問(wèn)題,則可以通過(guò)telnet去查看服務(wù)端口狀態(tài)
tcpdump:
tcpdump -i any -n port 80 # 抓取所有網(wǎng)卡(any)80端口數(shù)據(jù)包,并且以ip形式顯示(-n)
maoli@ubuntu:~$ sudo tcpdump -i any -n port 80 -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 262144 bytes
10:28:11.003675 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [S], seq 185886164, win 64240, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 8,nop,nop,sackOK], length 0
10:28:11.003875 IP 192.168.92.135.80 > 192.168.92.1.53951: Flags [S.], seq 2863640054, ack 185886165, win 64240, options [mss 1460,nop,nop,sackOK,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:28:11.004114 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 4106, length 0
10:28:11.010472 IP 192.168.92.1.53951 > 192.168.92.135.80: Flags [P.], seq 1:476, ack 1, win 4106, length 475: HTTP: GET /sqli-labs/ HTTP/1.1
tcpdump -i any -n host 10.0.0.1 and port 80# 抓取所有網(wǎng)卡的80端口和10.0.0.1之間的數(shù)據(jù)包,并且以ip形式顯示
netstat 查看服務(wù)監(jiān)聽端口狀態(tài)是否正確 -n 顯示ip地址 -t tcp協(xié)議 -p 顯示端口對(duì)應(yīng)的進(jìn)程 -l tcp的監(jiān)聽狀態(tài)(listen) -ntpl 查看端口開放情況
maoli@ubuntu:~$ sudo netstat -ntlp
激活I(lǐng)nternet連接 (僅服務(wù)器)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1111/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14200/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1148/MySQLd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1165/redis-server 1
tcp 0 0 127.0.1.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1285/dnsmasq
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1111/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 14200/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 :::9000 :::* LISTEN 2234/Docker-proxy
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1842/Apache2
1.4 ?絡(luò)服務(wù)管理
?絡(luò)服務(wù)管理程序分為兩種,分別為SysV和systemd。現(xiàn)在Systemd已經(jīng)基本取代了SysV的Init。
1.5 設(shè)置靜態(tài)ip
在搭建任何集群,都是要設(shè)置靜態(tài)ip的。
[root@node01]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
################
BOOTPROTO=static
ONBOOT="yes"
# 網(wǎng)關(guān)地址根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)而定
GATEWAY=192.168.92.2
# 設(shè)置的靜態(tài)ip
IPADDR=192.168.92.92
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
# 配置DNS服務(wù)器
DNS1=8.8.8.8
DNS2=8.8.4.4