在本教程中，明白如何用Go語言寫出一個HTTP REST API服務(wù)。
作者 | Aurelie Vache
譯者 | 槐序，責(zé)編 | 郭芮
出品 | CSDN（ID：CSDNnews）
以下為譯文：
學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言并不容易，但是如果有具體的例子和手把手指導(dǎo)教程，就很容易上手了。因此，我決定編寫一系列分步指導(dǎo)教程。
讓我們使用Go語言的強(qiáng)大功能來編寫一個HTTP REST API 服務(wù)。
1.Go, Go, Go
首先要做的就是安裝GVM（Go版本管理器），當(dāng)然還有安裝GO。
要安裝GO，你可以按照官方網(wǎng)站上的安裝步驟進(jìn)行操作，也可以使用GVM來安裝。對于Go而言，GVM是一個非常實(shí)用的版本管理工具，它允許你通過指定所需版本來更新Go的版本。
安裝
Bash：
bash < <(curl -s-S-L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
zsh：
zsh < <(curl -s-S-L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
用法
$ gvm
Usage: gvm [command]
Description:
GVM is the Go Version Manager
Commands:
version — print the gvm version number
get — gets the latest code (for debugging)
use — select a go version to use (--default to set permanently)
diff — view changes to Go root
help — display this usage text
implode — completely remove gvm
install — install go versions
uninstall — uninstall go versions
cross — install go cross compilers
linkthis — link this directory into GOPATH
list — list installed go versions
listall — list available versions
alias — manage go version aliases
pkgset — manage go packages sets
pkgenv — edit the environment for a package set
讓我們比較感興趣的GVM 命令是gvm install命令，它的用法如下：
$ gvm install [version] [options]
Go的安裝：
$ gvm install go1.13.3 -B
$ gvm use go1.13.3 --default
在你的.zshrc或者.bashrc文件中，設(shè)置$GOROOT 和 $GOPATH環(huán)境變量，下面是一個例子：（原文下面的2 3 4代碼行命令錯誤，少了空格）
[[ -s"$HOME/.gvm/scripts/gvm" ]] && source"$HOME/.gvm/scripts/gvm"
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export GOBIN=$GOPATH/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$GOBIN
以上就是利用版本管理器來安裝GO。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)入本文章的核心，來創(chuàng)建我們第一個CLI（命令行程序）。
2.初始化你的App
現(xiàn)在我們在GitHub中創(chuàng)建一個倉庫（為了共享和開源）。
首先，登錄GitHub網(wǎng)站，單擊倉庫鏈接，創(chuàng)建一個名叫“http-go-server”的倉庫：
然后，在你本地機(jī)器上，把這個新建的倉庫克隆（git clone）到你想放的地方。
“放任何我想放的地方？你確定？”
我們會用GO模塊作為依賴項(xiàng)，所以不要忘記在GOPATH目錄外git clone。但事實(shí)上，好消息是，從GO 1.13版本開始，我們不需要再擔(dān)心這個問題了。Go模塊現(xiàn)在可以在GOPATH目錄下和目錄外使用。
這也是我在本文選擇使用GO 1.13版本的原因。
現(xiàn)在，為了方便找回及同步本地代碼到git倉庫，我們要git clone這個倉庫：
$git clone https://github.com/scraly/http-go-server.git
$cd http-go-server
然后初始化go模塊（依賴管理）：
$ go mod init github.com/scraly/http-go-server
go: creating new go.mod: module github.com.scraly/http-go-server
我們將創(chuàng)建一個簡單的HTTP服務(wù)，但是為了代碼組織方面具有良好實(shí)踐。因此我們不會將所有的代碼放到main.go文件，我們會創(chuàng)建一個代碼目錄然后管理我們的代碼。
創(chuàng)建下面的文件目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：
.
├── README.md
├── bin
├── doc
├── go.mod
├── internal
├── pkg
│ └── swagger
└── scripts
3.創(chuàng)建一個HTTP服務(wù)
現(xiàn)在開始編寫HTTP服務(wù)代碼。
Go是一個很強(qiáng)大的語言。其中一個強(qiáng)大的功能就是有許多可用的內(nèi)置包，例如net/HTTP。在internal/路徑下面創(chuàng)建一個main.go文件，如下所示：
package main
import (
"fmt"
"html"
"log"
"net/http"
)
func main{
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request){
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %q", html.EscapeString(r.URL.Path))
})
log.Println("Listening on localhost:8080")
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}
這個簡單的例子創(chuàng)建了一個HTTP服務(wù)，并監(jiān)聽端口8080的傳入請求，并在返回到根目錄/。
現(xiàn)在構(gòu)建我們的應(yīng)用來測試它，然后啟動應(yīng)用程序二進(jìn)制文件：
$ go run internal/main.go
2019/10/27 20:53:39 Listening on localhost:8080 ...
為了測試你的HTTP服務(wù)，你可以使用curl命令來測試下 localhost:8080，或者直接用瀏覽器輸入這個URL來測試：
$ curl localhost:8080
Hello, "/"%
很好，我們創(chuàng)建了一個小型的HTTP服務(wù)，它可以正常運(yùn)行。
現(xiàn)在我們可以在二進(jìn)制可執(zhí)行文件中構(gòu)建它：
$ go build -o bin/http-go-server internal/main.go
很好，我們在幾分鐘內(nèi)完成了，但是我們將在下文深入了解:-)。
4.使用 Makefile
我不想手動執(zhí)行每個命令，所以，為了持續(xù)改進(jìn)我們的應(yīng)用，好的方法就是創(chuàng)建一個Makefile 文件，這樣我們就可以直接通過命令行來構(gòu)建應(yīng)用，生成文件，生成swagger文檔，檢查許可證以及執(zhí)行單元測試和靜態(tài)測試。
我們可以在Makefile里面定義好一系列將由make工具執(zhí)行的任務(wù)。
因此，在這個項(xiàng)目中，我創(chuàng)建了一個Makefile文件，大家可以直接下載，這樣就能節(jié)約大家的時間。
Makefile：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scraly/http-go-server/master/Makefile
出于好奇，在Makefile文件中，我們創(chuàng)建幾個指令（targets，可以是目標(biāo)文件或者執(zhí)行文件或者標(biāo)簽）用來執(zhí)行一個或者多個命令。
總結(jié)下來就是，一個指令需要或者不需要依賴文件（prerequisites）都將執(zhí)行方法（recipe）：target: prerequisites。
<TAB> recipe
在我創(chuàng)建的Makefile文件中，一個build指令構(gòu)建和打包我們的應(yīng)用為二進(jìn)制文件，存放到目錄bin/http-go-server下：
## Build all binaries
build:
$(GO) build -o bin/http-go-server internal/main.go
5.HTTP Endpoints 定義
現(xiàn)在我們將優(yōu)化我們的HTTP服務(wù)，并使用Swagger，它可以處理我們的HTTP endpoints定義。
什么是Swagger？
Swagger允許你提供符合OpenAPI規(guī)范的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化APIs文檔。
因?yàn)橛辛薙wagger應(yīng)用，使用Swagger標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件輸入，你可以在最后生成代碼，并且可以為用戶提供HTML格式的API文檔。
如果你想構(gòu)建一個公共API，請不要猶豫使用Swagger。
Swagger安裝：請參考go-swagger安裝頁面（https://github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger/blob/master/docs/install.md）。
然后，為了檢查該工具在你的系統(tǒng)中正確安裝，你可以檢查Swagger的版本。
$ swagger version
現(xiàn)在要做的第一件事是在我們的代碼中創(chuàng)建swagger標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔：
pkg/swagger/swagger.yml：
consumes:
- application/json
info:
description: HTTP server in Go with Swagger endpoints definition
title: http-go-server
version: 0.1.0
produces:
- application/json
schemes:
- http
swagger: "2.0"
paths:
/healthz:
get:
operationId: checkHealth
produces:
- text/plain
responses:
'200':
description: OK message
schema:
type: string
enum:
- OK
/hello/{user}:
get:
description: Returns a greeting to the user!
parameters:
- name: user
in: path
type: string
required: true
description: The name of the user to greet.
responses:
200:
description: Returns the greeting.
schema:
type: string
400:
description: Invalid characters in "user" were provided.
每次修改swagger文件后，一個好的做法是檢查文件的有效性。
為此，我們可以使用swagger validate命令：
$ swagger validate pkg/swagger/swagger.yml
2019/10/27 21:14:47
The swagger spec at "pkg/swagger/swagger.yml" is valid against swagger specification 2.0
或者可以使用一個Makefile指令：
$ make swagger.validate
2019/10/27 21:15:12
The swagger spec at "pkg/swagger/swagger.yml" is valid against swagger specification 2.0
太棒了，我們的Swagger文件是有效的。
現(xiàn)在我們將在HTML文檔中創(chuàng)建Swagger定義。為此，我們可以使用Docker鏡像，該鏡像考慮到了Swagger YAML定義并且返回一個漂亮的HTML頁面。
$ make swagger.doc
如果你在瀏覽器中打開已經(jīng)生成的doc/index.html頁面，可以查看HTML endpoints定義：
很好，是具有可讀性的。
歸功于Swagger規(guī)范，現(xiàn)在我們可以生成代碼。
為此，我們進(jìn)入到pkg/swagger/目錄，創(chuàng)建一個gen.go文件，如下所示：
package swagger
//go:generate rm -rf server
//go:generate mkdir -p server
//go:generate swagger generate server --quiet --target server --name hello-api --spec swagger.yml --exclude-main
由于有Makefile，我們可以執(zhí)行生成swagger go代碼的文件：
$ make generate
==> generating go code
GOFLAGS=-mod=vendor go generate github.com.scraly/http-go-server/internal github.com.scraly/http-go-server/pkg/swagger
如下所示，使用一個swagger endpoint定義輸入，生成了很多代碼，這對于HTTP服務(wù)器的實(shí)現(xiàn)是節(jié)省了時間的。
下面使用Swagger編輯main.go文件：
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/go-openapi/loads"
"github.com/scraly/http-go-server/pkg/swagger/server/restapi"
"github.com/scraly/http-go-server/pkg/swagger/server/restapi/operations"
)
func main{
// Initialize Swagger
swaggerSpec, err := loads.Analyzed(restapi.SwaggerJSON, "")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
api := operations.NewHelloAPI(swaggerSpec)
server := restapi.NewServer(api)
defer server.Shutdown
server.Port = 8080
// Start listening using having the handlers and port
// already set up.
if err := server.Serve; err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
}
現(xiàn)在啟動服務(wù)：
$ go run internal/main.go
2019/10/28 14:27:26 Serving hello at http://[::]:8080
現(xiàn)在我們可以做幾個測試：
$ curl localhost:8080
{"code":404,"message":"path / was not found"}%
$ curl localhost:8080/hello
{"code":404,"message":"path /hello was not found"}%
$ curl localhost:8080/hello/aurelie
"operation GetHelloUser has not yet been implemented"
完美，我們的HTTP服務(wù)正在應(yīng)答，甚至告知我們GetHelloUser接口尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)，接下來實(shí)現(xiàn)它吧！
編輯main.go文件如下所示：
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/go-openapi/loads"
"github.com/go-openapi/runtime/middleware"
"github.com/scraly/http-go-server/pkg/swagger/server/restapi"
"github.com/scraly/http-go-server/pkg/swagger/server/restapi/operations"
)
func main{
// Initialize Swagger
swaggerSpec, err := loads.Analyzed(restapi.SwaggerJSON, "")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
api := operations.NewHelloAPI(swaggerSpec)
server := restapi.NewServer(api)
defer func{
if err := server.Shutdown; err != nil {
// error handle
log.Fatalln(err)
}
}
server.Port = 8080
// Implement the CheckHealth handler
api.CheckHealthHandler = operations.CheckHealthHandlerFunc(
func(user operations.CheckHealthParams) middleware.Responder {
return operations.NewCheckHealthOK.WithPayload("OK")
})
// Implement the GetHelloUser handler
api.GetHelloUserHandler = operations.GetHelloUserHandlerFunc(
func(user operations.GetHelloUserParams) middleware.Responder {
return operations.NewGetHelloUserOK.WithPayload("Hello " + user.User + "!")
})
// Start server which listening
if err := server.Serve; err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
}
再來一次，我們重啟服務(wù)：
$ go run internal/main.go
2019/10/28 21:45:38 Serving hello at http://[::]:8080
$ curl localhost:8080/hello/aurelie
"Hello aurelie!"
$ curl localhost:8080/healthz
OK%
很好，我們有一個遵守OpenAPI規(guī)范的HTTP服務(wù)和兩個路由：
-
GET/healthz
-
GET/hello/{name}
我們可以到此為止，因?yàn)槲覀兊腍TTP服務(wù)正常工作，但是我們將繼續(xù)深入。
我們將在main.go文件（在文件末尾）中，為路由實(shí)現(xiàn)增加新函數(shù)。
//Health route returns OK
func Health(operations.CheckHealthParams) middleware.Responder {
return operations.NewCheckHealthOK.WithPayload("OK")
}
//GetHelloUser returns Hello + your name
func GetHelloUser(user operations.GetHelloUserParams) middleware.Responder {
return operations.NewGetHelloUserOK.WithPayload("Hello " + user.User + "!")
}
現(xiàn)在我們只需在主函數(shù)中調(diào)用這些新函數(shù)：
func main{
// Initialize Swagger
swaggerSpec, err := loads.Analyzed(restapi.SwaggerJSON, "")
if err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
api := operations.NewHelloAPI(swaggerSpec)
server := restapi.NewServer(api)
defer func{
if err := server.Shutdown; err != nil {
// error handle
log.Fatalln(err)
}
}
server.Port = 8080
api.CheckHealthHandler = operations.CheckHealthHandlerFunc(Health)
api.GetHelloUserHandler = operations.GetHelloUserHandlerFunc(GetHelloUser)
// Start server which listening
if err := server.Serve; err != nil {
log.Fatalln(err)
}
}
和之前一樣，我們測試靜態(tài)測試是否通過，以及我們應(yīng)用是否構(gòu)建：
$ make lint.full
==> linters (slow)
INFO [config_reader] Config search paths: [./ /Users/uidn3817/git/github.com/scraly/http-go-server/internal /Users/uidn3817/git/github.com/scraly/http-go-server /Users/uidn3817/git/github.com/scraly /Users/uidn3817/git/github.com /Users/uidn3817/git /Users/uidn3817 /Users /]
INFO [config_reader] Used config file .golangci.yml
INFO [lintersdb] Active 13 linters: [deadcode errcheck goimports golint govet ineffassign maligned misspell nakedret structcheck typecheck unconvert varcheck]
INFO [loader] Go packages loading at mode load types and syntax took 1.474090863s
INFO [loader] SSA repr building timing: packages building 15.964643ms, total 220.705097ms
INFO [runner] worker.4 took 652.824µs with stages: deadcode: 244.82µs, unconvert: 110.42µs, errcheck: 102.565µs, varcheck: 81.099µs, structcheck: 38.623µs, maligned: 34.263µs, nakedret: 22.825µs, typecheck: 5.339µs
INFO [runner] worker.6 took 1.883µs
INFO [runner] worker.8 took 2.125µs
INFO [runner] worker.5 took 1.040528ms with stages: ineffassign: 1.035173ms
INFO [runner] worker.7 took 3.211184ms with stages: goimports: 3.2029ms
INFO [runner] worker.3 took 102.06494ms with stages: misspell: 102.056568ms
INFO [runner] worker.1 took 120.104406ms with stages: golint: 120.096599ms
INFO [runner] worker.2 took 204.48169ms with stages: govet: 204.471908ms
INFO [runner] Workers idle times: #1: 84.514968ms, #3: 86.547645ms, #4: 203.167851ms, #5: 202.957443ms, #6: 203.09743ms, #7: 201.160969ms, #8: 202.973757ms
INFO [runner] processing took 18.697µs with stages: max_same_issues: 14.808µs, skip_dirs: 737ns, cgo: 498ns, nolint: 420ns, filename_unadjuster: 398ns, max_from_linter: 281ns, autogenerated_exclude: 172ns, path_prettifier: 170ns, identifier_marker: 167ns, diff: 164ns, skip_files: 161ns, replacement_builder: 158ns, exclude: 156ns, source_code: 90ns, max_per_file_from_linter: 81ns, path_shortener: 79ns, uniq_by_line: 79ns, exclude-rules: 78ns
INFO File cache stats: 0 entries of total size 0B
INFO Memory: 24 samples, avg is 248.1MB, max is 671.8MB
INFO Execution took 2.277787079s
6.測試靜態(tài)代碼
另外一個好的做法是使用linters 分析來做靜態(tài)代碼測試。為此，我們可以使用golang-ci工具（Go里的快速linter，比gometaliner好）。
還是因?yàn)橛辛薓akefile，你只需要獲取此處我列出的工具，例如golang-cli：
$ make get.tools
一個好的做法是新建一個.golangci.yml文件來定義我們想要的linter配置。下面是golang-cli配置示例：
run:
modules-download-mode: vendor
deadline: 10m
issues-exit-code: 1
tests: true
skip-files:
- ".*\.pb\.go$"
- ".*\.gen\.go$"
- "mock_.*\.go"
linters:
enable:
- govet # check standard vet rules
- golint # check standard linting rules
- staticcheck# comprehensive checks
- errcheck # find unchecked errors
- ineffassign# find ineffective assignments
- varcheck # find unused global variables and constants
- structcheck# check for unused struct parameters
- deadcode # find code that is not used
- nakedret # check for naked returns
- goimports # fix import order
- misspell # check spelling
- unconvert # remove unnecessary conversions
- maligned # check for better memory usage
disable:
- goconst # check for things that could be replaced by constants
- gocyclo # needs tweaking
- depguard # unused
- gosec # needs tweaking
- dupl # slow
- interfacer # not that useful
- gosimple # part of staticcheck
- unused # part of staticcheck
- megacheck # part of staticcheck
- lll
fast: false
output:
format: colored-line-number
print-issued-lines: true
print-linter-name: true
linters-settings:
errcheck:
# report about not checking of errors in type assetions: `a := b.(MyStruct)`;
# default is false: such cases aren't reported by default.
check-type-assertions: false
# report about assignment of errors to blank identifier: `num, _ := strconv.Atoi(numStr)`;
# default is false: such cases aren't reported by default.
check-blank: false
govet:
# report about shadowed variables
#TODO# check-shadowing: true
# Obtain type information from installed (to $GOPATH/pkg) package files:
# golangci-lint will execute `go install -i` and `go test -i` for analyzed packages
# before analyzing them.
# Enable this option only if all conditions are met:
# 1. you use only "fast" linters (--fast e.g.): no program loading occurs
# 2. you use go >= 1.10
# 3. you do repeated runs (false for CI) or cache $GOPATH/pkg or `go env GOCACHE` dir in CI.
use-installed-packages: false
golint:
min-confidence: 0.8
gofmt:
simplify: true
gocyclo:
min-complexity: 10
maligned:
suggest-new: true
dupl:
threshold: 150
goconst:
min-len: 3
min-occurrences: 3
misspell:
locale: US
lll:
line-length: 140
tab-width: 1
unused:
# treat code as a program (not a library) and report unused exported identifiers; default is false.
# XXX: if you enable this setting, unused will report a lot of false-positives in text editors:
# if it's called for subdir of a project it can't find funcs usages. All text editor integrations
# with golangci-lint call it on a directory with the changed file.
check-exported: false
unparam:
# call graph construction algorithm (cha, rta). In general, use cha for libraries,
# and rta for programs with main packages. Default is cha.
algo: cha
# Inspect exported functions, default is false. Set to true if no external program/library imports your code.
# XXX: if you enable this setting, unparam will report a lot of false-positives in text editors:
# if it's called for subdir of a project it can't find external interfaces. All text editor integrations
# with golangci-lint call it on a directory with the changed file.
check-exported: false
nakedret:
# make an issue if func has more lines of code than this setting and it has naked returns; default is 30
max-func-lines: 30
prealloc:
# Report preallocation suggestions only on simple loops that have no returns/breaks/continues/gotos in them.
# True by default.
simple: true
range-loops: true# Report preallocation suggestions on range loops, true by default
for-loops: false# Report preallocation suggestions on for loops, false by default
issues:
max-per-linter: 0
max-same: 0
new: false
exclude-use-default: false
接下來我們可以檢查代碼是否包含lint錯誤：
$ make lint.full
==> linters (slow)
INFO [config_reader] Config search paths: [./ /Users/uidn3817/git/github.com/scraly/http-go-server/internal /Users/uidn3817/git/github.com/scraly/http-go-server /Users/uidn3817/git/github.com/scraly /Users/uidn3817/git/github.com /Users/uidn3817/git /Users/uidn3817 /Users /]
INFO [config_reader] Used config file .golangci.yml
INFO [lintersdb] Active 13 linters: [deadcode errcheck goimports golint govet ineffassign maligned misspell nakedret structcheck typecheck unconvert varcheck]
INFO [loader] Go packages loading at mode load types and syntax took 1.403040989s
INFO [loader] SSA repr building timing: packages building 17.446103ms, total 215.11635ms
INFO [runner] worker.1 took 319.338µs with stages: unconvert: 126.709µs, structcheck: 105.706µs, varcheck: 80.624µs
INFO [runner] worker.8 took 279.76µs with stages: errcheck: 102.203µs, nakedret: 88.6µs, deadcode: 54.547µs, maligned: 22.796µs, typecheck: 2.416µs
INFO [runner] worker.2 took 908ns
INFO [runner] worker.7 took 1.424891ms with stages: ineffassign: 1.419068ms
INFO [runner] worker.4 took 2.395856ms with stages: goimports: 2.39105ms
INFO [runner] worker.6 took 75.843872ms with stages: golint: 75.832987ms
INFO [runner] worker.5 took 77.126536ms with stages: misspell: 77.092913ms
INFO [runner] worker.3 took 124.506172ms with stages: govet: 124.498137ms
INFO [runner] Workers idle times: #1: 124.053298ms, #2: 123.973576ms, #4: 122.078696ms, #5: 47.339761ms, #6: 48.693713ms, #7: 122.946009ms, #8: 124.035904ms
INFO [runner] processing took 19.597µs with stages: max_same_issues: 16.123µs, cgo: 541ns, skip_dirs: 493ns, nolint: 398ns, max_from_linter: 280ns, path_prettifier: 179ns, filename_unadjuster: 172ns, replacement_builder: 170ns, autogenerated_exclude: 170ns, exclude: 164ns, diff: 162ns, skip_files: 161ns, identifier_marker: 150ns, source_code: 97ns, path_shortener: 97ns, max_per_file_from_linter: 82ns, exclude-rules: 80ns, uniq_by_line: 78ns
INFO File cache stats: 0 entries of total size 0B
INFO Memory: 23 samples, avg is 255.8MB, max is 672.0MB
INFO Execution took 2.119246564s
很好，一起都好。
如果你想編輯.golangci.yml文件，請查看golang-ci支持的linters。
7.檢查許可證
另外一個好的實(shí)踐是檢查許可證。
你需要去檢查許可證（你項(xiàng)目依賴項(xiàng)使用的許可證），例如，當(dāng)你希望你的應(yīng)用程序或者公司的代碼開源時，為了避免使用被禁的許可證，就要去檢查。
在Go中存在一個名為wwhrd的工具。
首先，我們創(chuàng)建一個名為.wwhrd.yml的文件，來定義選項(xiàng)：
---
blacklist:
- AGPL-3.0
- GPL-2.0
- GPL-3.0
- CDDL-1.0
whitelist:
- Apache-2.0
- MIT
- NewBSD
- FreeBSD
- LGPL-2.1
- LGPL-3.0
- ISC
- MPL-2.0
- EPL-1.0
- Unlicense
# exceptions:
# - github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew/... # ISC License misrecognized
# - github.com/dchest/uniuri # https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
在這個wwhrd文件特性中，你可以添加例外項(xiàng)，黑名單和白名單特性。
一個檢查證書的指令已經(jīng)寫在了Makefile文件中的，因此你只需要執(zhí)行它即可：
$ make license
==> license check
wwhrd check
INFO[0000] Found Approved license license=Apache-2.0 package=go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson/primitive
INFO[0000] Found Approved license license=Apache-2.0 package=github.com/go-openapi/swag
INFO[0000] Found Approved license license=NewBSD package=github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell
INFO[0000] Found Approved license license=Apache-2.0 package=github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference
INFO[0000] Found Approved license license=Apache-2.0 package=go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson/bsoncodec
INFO[0000] Found Approved license license=Apache-2.0 package=github.com/go-openapi/loads
…
很好，沒有許可證問題了。
8.構(gòu)建應(yīng)用
現(xiàn)在，我們可以在一個可執(zhí)行的二進(jìn)制文件里構(gòu)建應(yīng)用，并測試二進(jìn)制文件：
$ make build
go build -o bin/http-go-server internal/main.go
$ ./bin/http-go-server
2019/10/28 21:47:38 Serving hello at http://[::]:8080
非常棒:-)
9.總結(jié)
正如你在這篇文章第一部分看到的一樣，使用net/http包和Gorilla/mux作為路由，可以在幾分鐘或幾秒鐘內(nèi)創(chuàng)建一個HTTP服務(wù)，但是我想向你展示的是，在代碼組織的最佳實(shí)踐方面如何一步一步深入。為了符合OpenAPI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用了Swagger，還使用一些其他有用的工具。
最后，我們小型的HTTP服務(wù)成長了一些，如下代碼目錄結(jié)構(gòu)所示：
.
├── Makefile
├── README.md
├── bin
│ └── http-go-server
├── doc
│ └── index.html
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
├── internal
│ └── main.go
├── pkg
│ └── swagger
│ ├── gen.go
│ ├── server
│ │ └── restapi
│ │ ├── configure_hello.go
│ │ ├── doc.go
│ │ ├── embedded_spec.go
│ │ ├── operations
│ │ │ ├── check_health.go
│ │ │ ├── check_health_parameters.go
│ │ │ ├── check_health_responses.go
│ │ │ ├── check_health_urlbuilder.go
│ │ │ ├── get_hello_user.go
│ │ │ ├── get_hello_user_parameters.go
│ │ │ ├── get_hello_user_responses.go
│ │ │ ├── get_hello_user_urlbuilder.go
│ │ │ └── hello_api.go
│ │ └── server.go
│ └── swagger.yml
├── scripts
└── vendor
├──…
└── modules.txt
└── .gitignore
└── .golangci.yml
└── .wwhrd.yml
所有的代碼都可以在GitHub倉庫找到：https://github.com/scraly/http-go-server，希望這類文章對你有所幫助。
原文：https://dzone.com/articles/how-to-write-a-http-rest-api-server-in-go-in-minut
本文為 CSDN 翻譯，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明來源出處。
【End】
