繼續(xù)老套路，這兩天我爬取了豬八戒上的一些數(shù)據(jù) 網(wǎng)址是：http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p1s5.html，可能是由于爬取的數(shù)據(jù)量有點(diǎn)多吧，結(jié)果我的IP被封了，需要自己手動(dòng)來(lái)驗(yàn)證解封ip,但這顯然阻止了我爬取更多的數(shù)據(jù)了。
私信小編01 獲取源代碼！
下面是我寫的爬取豬八戒的被封IP的代碼
# coding=utf-8
import requests
from lxml import etree
def getUrl():
for i in range(33):
url = 'http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p{}s5.html'.format(i+1)
spiderPage(url)
def spiderPage(url):
if url is None:
return None
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
tds = selector.xpath('//*[@class="tab-switch tab-progress"]/table/tr')
try:
for td in tds:
price = td.xpath('./td/p/em/text()')
href = td.xpath('./td/p/a/@href')
title = td.xpath('./td/p/a/text()')
subTitle = td.xpath('./td/p/text()')
deadline = td.xpath('./td/span/text()')
price = price[0] if len(price)>0 else '' # Python的三目運(yùn)算 :為真時(shí)的結(jié)果 if 判定條件 else 為假時(shí)的結(jié)果
title = title[0] if len(title)>0 else ''
href = href[0] if len(href)>0 else ''
subTitle = subTitle[0] if len(subTitle)>0 else ''
deadline = deadline[0] if len(deadline)>0 else ''
print price,title,href,subTitle,deadline
print '---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
spiderDetail(href)
except:
print '出錯(cuò)'
def spiderDetail(url):
if url is None:
return None
try:
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
aboutHref = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/a/@href')
price = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/text()')
title = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/h2/text()')
contentDetail = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/text()')
publishDate = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/p/text()')
aboutHref = aboutHref[0] if len(aboutHref) > 0 else '' # python的三目運(yùn)算 :為真時(shí)的結(jié)果 if 判定條件 else 為假時(shí)的結(jié)果
price = price[0] if len(price) > 0 else ''
title = title[0] if len(title) > 0 else ''
contentDetail = contentDetail[0] if len(contentDetail) > 0 else ''
publishDate = publishDate[0] if len(publishDate) > 0 else ''
print aboutHref,price,title,contentDetail,publishDate
except:
print '出錯(cuò)'
if '_main_':
getUrl()
我發(fā)現(xiàn)代碼運(yùn)行完后，后面有幾頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有被爬取，我再也沒(méi)有辦法去訪問(wèn)豬八戒網(wǎng)站了，等過(guò)了一段時(shí)間才能去訪問(wèn)他們的網(wǎng)站，這就很尷尬了，我得防止被封IP
如何防止爬取數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候被網(wǎng)站封IP這里有一些套路.查了一些套路
1.修改請(qǐng)求頭
之前的爬蟲代碼沒(méi)有添加頭部，這里我添加了頭部，模擬成瀏覽器去訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies).text
2.采用代理IP
當(dāng)自己的ip被網(wǎng)站封了之后，只能采用代理ip的方式進(jìn)行爬取，所以每次爬取的時(shí)候盡量用代理ip來(lái)爬取，封了代理還有代理。
這里我引用了這個(gè)博客的一段代碼來(lái)生成ip地址:http://blog.csdn.net/lammonpeter/article/details/52917264
生成代理ip,大家可以直接把這個(gè)代碼拿去用
# coding=utf-8
# IP地址取自國(guó)內(nèi)髙匿代理IP網(wǎng)站：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/
# 僅僅爬取首頁(yè)IP地址就足夠一般使用
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import random
def get_ip_list(url, headers):
web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(web_data.text, 'lxml')
ips = soup.find_all('tr')
ip_list = []
for i in range(1, len(ips)):
ip_info = ips[i]
tds = ip_info.find_all('td')
ip_list.append(tds[1].text + ':' + tds[2].text)
return ip_list
def get_random_ip(ip_list):
proxy_list = []
for ip in ip_list:
proxy_list.append('http://' + ip)
proxy_ip = random.choice(proxy_list)
proxies = {'http': proxy_ip}
return proxies
if __name__ == '__main__':
url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/'
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36'
}
ip_list = get_ip_list(url, headers=headers)
proxies = get_random_ip(ip_list)
print(proxies)
好了我用上面的代碼給我生成了一批ip地址（有些ip地址可能無(wú)效，但只要不封我自己的ip就可以了,哈哈），然后我就可以在我的請(qǐng)求頭部添加ip地址
** 給我們的請(qǐng)求添加代理ip**
proxies = {
'http': 'http://124.72.109.183:8118',
'http': 'http://49.85.1.79:31666'
}
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=3, proxies=proxies).text
目前知道的就
最后完整代碼如下：
# coding=utf-8
import requests
import time
from lxml import etree
def getUrl():
for i in range(33):
url = 'http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p{}s5.html'.format(i+1)
spiderPage(url)
def spiderPage(url):
if url is None:
return None
try:
proxies = {
'http': 'http://221.202.248.52:80',
}
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers,proxies=proxies).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
tds = selector.xpath('//*[@class="tab-switch tab-progress"]/table/tr')
for td in tds:
price = td.xpath('./td/p/em/text()')
href = td.xpath('./td/p/a/@href')
title = td.xpath('./td/p/a/text()')
subTitle = td.xpath('./td/p/text()')
deadline = td.xpath('./td/span/text()')
price = price[0] if len(price)>0 else '' # python的三目運(yùn)算 :為真時(shí)的結(jié)果 if 判定條件 else 為假時(shí)的結(jié)果
title = title[0] if len(title)>0 else ''
href = href[0] if len(href)>0 else ''
subTitle = subTitle[0] if len(subTitle)>0 else ''
deadline = deadline[0] if len(deadline)>0 else ''
print price,title,href,subTitle,deadline
print '---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
spiderDetail(href)
except Exception,e:
print '出錯(cuò)',e.message
def spiderDetail(url):
if url is None:
return None
try:
htmlText = requests.get(url).text
selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)
aboutHref = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/a/@href')
price = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/text()')
title = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[1]/div/div/h2/text()')
contentDetail = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/text()')
publishDate = selector.xpath('//*[@id="utopia_widget_10"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/p/text()')
aboutHref = aboutHref[0] if len(aboutHref) > 0 else '' # python的三目運(yùn)算 :為真時(shí)的結(jié)果 if 判定條件 else 為假時(shí)的結(jié)果
price = price[0] if len(price) > 0 else ''
title = title[0] if len(title) > 0 else ''
contentDetail = contentDetail[0] if len(contentDetail) > 0 else ''
publishDate = publishDate[0] if len(publishDate) > 0 else ''
print aboutHref,price,title,contentDetail,publishDate
except:
print '出錯(cuò)'
if '_main_':
getUrl()
數(shù)據(jù)全部爬取出來(lái)了，且我的IP也沒(méi)有被封。當(dāng)然防止被封IP肯定不止這些了，這還需要進(jìn)一步探索!
最后
雖然數(shù)據(jù)我是已經(jīng)抓取過(guò)來(lái)了，但是我的數(shù)據(jù)都沒(méi)有完美呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，只是呈現(xiàn)在我的控制臺(tái)上，這并不完美，我應(yīng)該寫入execl文件或者數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中啊，這樣才能方便采用。所以接下來(lái)我準(zhǔn)備了使用Python操作execl
