本篇文章主要介紹 Android 開發中的部分知識點,通過閱讀本篇文章,您將收獲以下內容:
一、啟動流程概述
二、Android啟動分析
三、init 進程啟動分析
四、init 啟動腳本分析
五、init 進程分析
六、init 腳本執行
七、init 進程守護
八、init rc 腳本啟動Zygote
九、啟動分析小結
一、 啟動流程概述
Android啟動流程跟 linux啟動類似,大致分為如下五個階段。
- 1.開機上電,加載固化的ROM。
- 2.加載BootLoader,拉起Android OS。
- 3.加載Uboot,初始外設,引導Kernel啟動等。
- 4.啟動Kernel,加載驅動,硬件。
- 5.啟動Android,掛載分區,加載驅動、服務,init進程等。
Android系統啟動大致過程如下:

Android 啟動過程
由于水平有限,無法深入了理解驅動層代碼,本文主要對 Android上層啟動流程進行分析。
二、Android啟動分析
Uboot啟動Kernel完成系統設置后,會首先在系統中尋找init.rc文件,并啟動init進程。

Android 啟動分析
三、init 進程啟動分析
Init進程是Android啟動的第一個進程,進程號為1,是Android的系統啟動的核心進程,主要用來創建Zygote、屬性服務等。 init.cpp 中的main 函數,是init進程的入口函數,源碼主要存在systemcoreinit目錄下。
常見init.xxx.rc 進程如下:

常見init.xxx.rc 進程
init 進程主要作用

init 進程主要作用
/system/core/init 部分內容如下:

/system/core/init 部分內容
main 函數主要做的事情
1.創建掛載啟動所需的文件系統(tmpfs、 devpts、 proc、 sysfs、 selinuxfs等)。
2.初始化并啟動屬性服務
3.解析init.rc 腳本配置文件,并啟動Zygote 進程。
init.cpp main 函數實現代碼如下:
int main(int argc, char** argv) { ... ... if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "watchdogd")) { //啟動看門狗函數 return watchdogd_main(argc, argv); } ... ... //啟動第一階段 if (is_first_stage) { boot_clock::time_point start_time = boot_clock::now(); // 清理 umask. umask(0); clearenv(); setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1); // 在RAM內存上獲取基本的文件系統,剩余的被 rc 文件所用 mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755"); mkdir("/dev/pts", 0755); mkdir("/dev/socket", 0755); mount("devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL); #define MAKE_STR(x) __STRING(x) mount("proc", "/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=2,gid=" MAKE_STR(AID_READPROC)); // 非特權應用不能使用 Android 命令行 chmod("/proc/cmdline", 0440); gid_t groups[] = { AID_READPROC }; setgroups(arraysize(groups), groups); mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL); mount("selinuxfs", "/sys/fs/selinux", "selinuxfs", 0, NULL); mknod("/dev/kmsg", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(1, 11)); if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) { mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11)); } mknod("/dev/random", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 8)); mknod("/dev/urandom", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 9)); // Mount staging areas for devices managed by vold // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/devices/storage/ mount("tmpfs", "/mnt", "tmpfs", MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV, "mode=0755,uid=0,gid=1000"); //創建可供讀寫的 vendor目錄 mkdir("/mnt/vendor", 0755); // 在/dev目錄下掛載好 tmpfs 以及 kmsg // 這樣就可以初始化 /kernel Log 系統,供用戶打印log InitKernelLogging(argv); LOG(INFO) << "init first stage started!"; if (!DoFirstStageMount()) { LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ..."; } SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery(); // Enable seccomp if global boot option was passed (otherwise it is enabled in zygote). global_seccomp(); // 優先加載selinux log系統, 緊接著初始化selinux SelinuxSetupKernelLogging(); SelinuxInitialize(); // 添加 selinux 是否啟動成功的log if (selinux_android_restorecon("/init", 0) == -1) { PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /init failed"; } setenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE", "true", 1); static constexpr uint32_t kNanosecondsPerMillisecond = 1e6; uint64_t start_ms = start_time.time_since_epoch().count() / kNanosecondsPerMillisecond; setenv("INIT_STARTED_AT", std::to_string(start_ms).c_str(), 1); char* path = argv[0]; char* args[] = { path, nullptr }; execv(path, args); // execv() only returns if an error hAppened, in which case we // panic and never fall through this conditional. PLOG(FATAL) << "execv("" << path << "") failed"; } //啟動第二階段 InitKernelLogging(argv); LOG(INFO) << "init second stage started!"; // Set up a session keyring that all processes will have access to. It // will hold things like FBE encryption keys. No process should override // its session keyring. keyctl_get_keyring_ID(KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING, 1); // Indicate that booting is in progress to background fw loaders, etc. close(open("/dev/.booting", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0000)); //初始化屬性 property_init(); // If arguments are passed both on the command line and in DT, // properties set in DT always have priority over the command-line ones. process_kernel_dt(); process_kernel_cmdline(); // Propagate the kernel variables to internal variables // used by init as well as the current required properties. export_kernel_boot_props(); // Make the time that init started available for bootstat to log. property_set("ro.boottime.init", getenv("INIT_STARTED_AT")); property_set("ro.boottime.init.selinux", getenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK")); // Set libavb version for Framework-only OTA match in Treble build. const char* avb_version = getenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION"); if (avb_version) property_set("ro.boot.avb_version", avb_version); // 清空設置的環境變量 unsetenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE"); unsetenv("INIT_STARTED_AT"); unsetenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK"); unsetenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION"); // 設置第二階段的selinux SelinuxSetupKernelLogging(); SelabelInitialize(); SelinuxRestoreContext(); //創建 epoll 句柄 epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC); if (epoll_fd == -1) { PLOG(FATAL) << "epoll_create1 failed"; } //設置 子進程處理函數 sigchld_handler_init(); if (!IsRebootCapable()) { // If init does not have the CAP_SYS_BOOT capability, it is running in a container. // In that case, receiving SIGTERM will cause the system to shut down. InstallSigtermHandler(); } LoadRscRoProps(); property_load_boot_defaults(); export_oem_lock_status(); //啟動屬性服務 start_property_service(); //為USB存儲設置udc Contorller, sys/class/udc set_usb_controller(); const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map; Action::set_function_map(&function_map); subcontexts = InitializeSubcontexts(); ActionManager& am = ActionManager::GetInstance(); ServiceList& sm = ServiceList::GetInstance(); LoadBootScripts(am, sm); // Turning this on and letting the INFO logging be discarded adds 0.2s to // Nexus 9 boot time, so it's disabled by default. if (false) DumpState(); am.QueueEventTrigger("early-init"); // Queue an action that waits for coldboot done so we know ueventd has set up all of /dev... am.QueueBuiltinAction(wait_for_coldboot_done_action, "wait_for_coldboot_done"); // ... so that we can start queuing up actions that require stuff from /dev. am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng"); am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetMmapRndBitsAction, "SetMmapRndBits"); am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetKptrRestrictAction, "SetKptrRestrict"); am.QueueBuiltinAction(keychord_init_action, "keychord_init"); am.QueueBuiltinAction(console_init_action, "console_init"); // Trigger all the boot actions to get us started. am.QueueEventTrigger("init"); // Repeat mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng in case /dev/hw_random or /dev/random // wasn't ready immediately after wait_for_coldboot_done am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng"); // Don't mount filesystems or start core system services in charger mode. std::string bootmode = GetProperty("ro.bootmode", ""); if (bootmode == "charger") { am.QueueEventTrigger("charger"); } else { am.QueueEventTrigger("late-init"); } // Run all property triggers based on current state of the properties. am.QueueBuiltinAction(queue_property_triggers_action, "queue_property_triggers"); while (true) { // By default, sleep until something happens. int epoll_timeout_ms = -1; if (do_shutdown && !shutting_down) { do_shutdown = false; if (HandlePowerctlMessage(shutdown_command)) { shutting_down = true; } } if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) { am.ExecuteOneCommand(); } if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) { if (!shutting_down) { auto next_process_restart_time = RestartProcesses(); // If there's a process that needs restarting, wake up in time for that. if (next_process_restart_time) { epoll_timeout_ms = std::chrono::ceil<std::chrono::milliseconds>( *next_process_restart_time - boot_clock::now()) .count(); if (epoll_timeout_ms < 0) epoll_timeout_ms = 0; } } // If there's more work to do, wake up again immediately. if (am.HasMoreCommands()) epoll_timeout_ms = 0; } epoll_event ev; int nr = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(epoll_wait(epoll_fd, &ev, 1, epoll_timeout_ms)); if (nr == -1) { PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_wait failed"; } else if (nr == 1) { ((void (*)()) ev.data.ptr)(); } } return 0; }
基于MTK 平臺 init.cpp 源碼分析

基于MTK 平臺 init.cpp 主要作用
四、 init 啟動腳本分析
init.rc 路徑 一般在system/core/rootdir下,init腳本是有Android 初始化語言編寫。
Android Init Language 語句類型:
- 1.Action
- 2.Command
- 3.Service
- 4.Option
- 5.Import

init 進程分析

init.rc on

init.rc services

init.rc import
五、init 進程分析

init 進程分析

init 解析腳本分析

init 事件列表

init 事件結構
六 、init 腳本執行

init 進程解析和執行

整理事件列表

init 構建事件

Service 事件分類

init 進程執行命令和啟動服務
七、init 進程守護
init進程處理消息事件
- 根據Shell或者系統中消息設置系統prop
- 守護系統服務,如果服務退出,重啟退出的服務。

init守護進程

init 處理 prop 消息分析

init 守護服務分析
八、init rc 腳本啟動Zygote
Zygote 的 classname 為main.
init.rc文件配置代碼如下:
... ... on nonencrypted class_start main class_start late_start on property:sys.init_log_level=* loglevel ${sys.init_log_level} ... ...
九、啟動分析小結

啟動分析小結