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LNMP架構(gòu)概述

什么是LNMP

LNMP是一套技術(shù)的組合，L=linux、N=Nginx、M~=MySQL、P~=php

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LNMP架構(gòu)是如何工作的

首先Nginx服務(wù)是不能處理動(dòng)態(tài)請(qǐng)求，那么當(dāng)用戶發(fā)起動(dòng)態(tài)請(qǐng)求時(shí), Nginx又是如何進(jìn)行處理的。

當(dāng)用戶發(fā)起http請(qǐng)求，請(qǐng)求會(huì)被Nginx處理，如果是靜態(tài)資源請(qǐng)求Nginx則直接返回，如果是動(dòng)態(tài)請(qǐng)求Nginx則通過(guò)fastcgi協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)交給后端的PHP程序處理，具體如下圖所示

 

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Nginx與Fast-CGO詳細(xì)工作流程

 

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1.用戶通過(guò)http協(xié)議發(fā)起請(qǐng)求，請(qǐng)求會(huì)先抵達(dá)LNMP架構(gòu)中的Nginx

2.Nginx會(huì)根據(jù)用戶的請(qǐng)求進(jìn)行判斷，這個(gè)判斷是有Location進(jìn)行完成

3.判斷用戶請(qǐng)求的是靜態(tài)頁(yè)面，Nginx直接進(jìn)行處理

4.判斷用戶請(qǐng)求的是動(dòng)態(tài)頁(yè)面，Nginx會(huì)將該請(qǐng)求交給fastcgi協(xié)議下發(fā)

5.fastgi會(huì)將請(qǐng)求交給php-fpm管理進(jìn)程, php-fpm管理進(jìn)程接收到后會(huì)調(diào)用具體的工作進(jìn)程warrap

6.warrap進(jìn)程會(huì)調(diào)用php程序進(jìn)行解析,如果只是解析代碼php直接返回

7.如果有查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作，則由php連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(用戶 密碼 IP)發(fā)起查詢的操作

8.最終數(shù)據(jù)由*mysql->php->php-fpm->fastcgi->nginx->http->user

LNMP架構(gòu)環(huán)境部署

使用官方倉(cāng)庫(kù)安裝Nginx

[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo 
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
 
#安裝Nginx
[root@nginx ~]# yum install nginx -y

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修改nginx用戶

[root@nginx ~]# groupadd www -g 666
[root@nginx ~]# useradd www -u 666 -g 666 -s /sbin/nologin -M
#修改nginx配置文件
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i '/^user/c user www;' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

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啟動(dòng)Nginx加入開(kāi)機(jī)自啟

[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable nginx

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使用第三方擴(kuò)展源安裝php7.1

# rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
[root@nginx ~]# yum remove php-mysql-5.4 php php-fpm php-common
#配置第三方源
[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/php.repo
[php-webtatic]
name = PHP Repository
baseurl = http://us-east.repo.webtatic.com/yum/el7/x86_64/
gpgcheck = 0
[root@nginx ~]# yum -y install php71w php71w-cli php71w-common php71w-devel php71w-embedded php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-xml php71w-fpm php71w-mysqlnd php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-memcached php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-mongodb

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配置php-fpm用戶與Nginx的運(yùn)行用戶保持一致

[root@nginx ~]# sed -i '/^user/c user = www' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 
[root@nginx ~]# sed -i '/^group/c group = www' /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

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啟動(dòng)php-fpm加入開(kāi)機(jī)自啟

[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm

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安裝Mariadb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

[root@nginx ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y

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啟動(dòng)Mariadb加入開(kāi)機(jī)自動(dòng)

[root@nginx ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@nginx ~]# systemctl enable mariadb

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給Mariadb配置登陸密碼

[root@nginx ~]# mysqladmin password 'Zls123.com'
[root@nginx ~]# mysql -uroot -pZls123.com

LNMP架構(gòu)環(huán)境配置

在將Nginx與PHP集成過(guò)程中,需要先了解Fastcgi代理配置語(yǔ)法

1.設(shè)置fastcgi服務(wù)器的地址，該地址可以指定為域名或IP地址，以及端口

Syntax: fastcgi_pass address;
Default: —
Context: location, if in location
 
#語(yǔ)法示例
fastcgi_pass localhost:9000;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/fastcgi.socket;

2.設(shè)置fastcgi默認(rèn)的首頁(yè)文件，需要結(jié)合fastcgi_param一起設(shè)置

Syntax: fastcgi_index name;
Default: —
Context: http, server, location

3.通過(guò)fastcgi_param設(shè)置變量，并將設(shè)置的變量傳遞到后端的fastcgi服務(wù)器

Syntax: fastcgi_param parameter value [if_not_empty];
Default: —
Context: http, server, location
 
#語(yǔ)法示例
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /code$fastcgi_script_name;

4.通過(guò)圖形方式展示fastcgi_index與fastcgi_param作用

 

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5.最終Nginx連接Fastcgi服務(wù)器配置如下

[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/php.conf 
server {
 listen 80;
 server_name php.driverzeng.com;
 location / {
 root /code;
 index index.php index.html;
 }
 location ~ .php$ {
 root /code;
 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name
 }
}

6.在/code目錄下創(chuàng)建info.php文件，測(cè)試能否通過(guò)瀏覽器訪問(wèn)，訪問(wèn)成功如下圖

[root@nginx ~]# cat /code/info.php
<?php
 phpinfo();
?>

 

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按照剛才的配置，頁(yè)面打開(kāi)一片空白。

[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/php.conf 
server {
 listen 80;
 server_name php.driverzeng.com;
 location / {
 root /code;
 index index.php index.html;
 }
 location ~ .php$ {
 root /code;
 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
 include fastcgi_params;
 }
}

 

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7.在/code目錄下創(chuàng)建mysqli.php文件，填入對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)IP、用戶名、密碼

[root@nginx ~]# cat /code/mysqli.php
<?php
 $servername = "localhost";
 $username = "root";
 $password = "Zls123.com";
 // 創(chuàng)建連接
 $conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
 // 檢測(cè)連接
 if (!$conn) {
 die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
 }
 echo "小哥哥,php可以連接MySQL...";
?>
<img style='width:100%;height:100%;' src=https://www.driverzeng.com/zenglaoshi/php_mysql.png>

 

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部署博客產(chǎn)WordPress

1)配置Nginx虛擬主機(jī)站點(diǎn)，域名為blog.driverzeng.com

#1.nginx具體配置信息
[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf
server {
 listen 80;
 server_name blog.driverzeng.com;
 root /code/wordpress;
 index index.php index.html;
 
 location ~ .php$ {
 root /code/wordpress;
 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
 fastcgi_index index.php;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
 include fastcgi_params;
 }
}

2)重啟nginx服務(wù)

[root@nginx ~]# systemctl restart nginx

3)獲取wordpress產(chǎn)品，解壓并部署wordress

[root@nginx ~]# mkdir /code
[root@nginx ~]# cd /code
[root@nginx code]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
#永遠(yuǎn)下載最新版
[root@nginx code]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/latest-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@nginx ~]# tar xf wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@nginx ~]# chown -R www.www /code/wordpress/

4)由于wordpress產(chǎn)品需要依賴數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),所以需要手動(dòng)建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

[root@nginx ~]# mysql -uroot -pZls123.com
mysql> create database wordpress;
mysql> exit

5)通過(guò)瀏覽器訪問(wèn)wordpress,并部署該產(chǎn)品

 

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思考問(wèn)題：上傳文件報(bào)錯(cuò)413，如何解決？

提示：nginx上傳大小的限制

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部署知乎產(chǎn)品Wecenter

1.配置Nginx虛擬主機(jī)站點(diǎn)，域名為zh.driverzeng.com

#1.nginx具體配置信息
[root@http-server ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/zh.conf
server {
 listen 80;
 server_name zh.driverzeng.com;
 root /code/zh;
 index index.php index.html;
 
 location ~ .php$ {
 root /code/zh;
 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
 fastcgi_index index.php;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
 include fastcgi_params;
 }
}
 
 
#2.重啟nginx服務(wù)
[root@http-server ~]# systemctl restart nginx

2.下載Wecenter產(chǎn)品，部署Wecenter并授權(quán)

官方下載地址：TP

[root@web02 ~]# wget http://ahdx.down.chinaz.com/201605/WeCenter_v3.2.1.zip
[root@web02 ~]# unzip WeCenter_3-2-1.zip
[root@web02 ~]# mv WeCenter_3-2-1/ /code/zh
[root@web02 ~]# chown -R www.www /code/zh/

3.由于wecenter產(chǎn)品需要依賴數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù), 所以需要手動(dòng)建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

#1.登陸數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
[root@http-server ~]# mysql -uroot -pZls123.com
 
#2.創(chuàng)建wordpress數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
MariaDB [(none)]> create database zh;
MariaDB [(none)]> exit

3.通過(guò)瀏覽器訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站

http://zh.driverzeng.com/install/

 

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phpmyadmin

zblog

discuz

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